The applications of X-ray technology in medical imaging: advances, challenges, and future perspectives (A review) | ||
| Journal of Sustainable Food, Water, Energy and Environment | ||
| Volume 1, Issue 2, October 2025, Pages 39-61 PDF (781.21 K) | ||
| Document Type: Comprehensive review article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/jsfw.2025.409882.1003 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Abdalrahman M. Rayan1; Ahmed Adam* 2; Gehad Al-Arabi3; Mahrous R. Ahmed4 | ||
| 1Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University | ||
| 2Urology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt | ||
| 3Botany and microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University | ||
| 4Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, | ||
| Abstract | ||
| In 1895, Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (1845–1923) pioneered X-ray imaging, which revolutionized medical diagnosis and modern healthcare. X-ray imaging's fundamentals, therapeutic uses, technology advances, and future directions are examined in detail. X-rays contrast bone and soft tissues by attenuation, absorption, and scattering. X-ray medical usage. In diagnostic radiography, it is best for fracture diagnosis, chest pathology, including pneumonia, lung cancer, and dental checks. Angiography, catheter insertion, and GI (gastrointestinal issues) diagnostics benefit from real-time dynamic fluoroscopy. Early breast cancer detection is improved by mammography, especially DBT (Digital breast tomosynthesis). Cross-sectional X-ray imaging using multi-slice contrast-enhanced CT (Computed Tomography). Fast, inexpensive, noninvasive, good spatial resolution for osseous structures, and widely available in healthcare, X-ray imaging. These benefits are negated by ionizing radiation dangers (requiring rigorous ALARA (As Low as Reasonably Achievable) standards), worse soft-tissue contrast compared to MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) or ultrasound, limited 3D visualization without CT, and technical challenges in obese or anatomically complex patients. Technological advances alter X-rays. Digital radiography has enhanced image quality, workflow efficiency, and fracture and pneumonia screening accuracy using AI. Low-dose imaging, especially in kids, and portable critical care point-of-care technology advances. Photon-counting CT, phase-contrast imaging, and dark-field X-rays will depict soft tissues like never before, while AI (Artificial Intelligence) will speed up and improve diagnosis. Reduced doses optimize X-ray risk-benefit ratios. X-rays' efficiency, accessibility, and diagnostic ability make them crucial in medicine, even as other imaging technologies emerge. This study emphasizes the necessity for ongoing innovation to overcome limitations and preserve precision medicine benefits. X-ray imaging will remain vital to medical diagnostics with improved technology and safety precautions. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Multilevel inverters (MLIs); electromagnetic interference (EMI); Cascaded H-bridge (CHB); Phase Shifted Pulse Width Modulation (PSPWM) | ||
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