Antimicrobial Activity of Zinc Oxide-Based Calotropis Procera (Aiton) W.T.Aiton Leaf Extract Nanocomposite in Wastewater Remediation | ||
| Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries | ||
| Volume 29, Issue 5, September and October 2025, Pages 1535-1552 PDF (919.18 K) | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/ejabf.2025.403663.6204 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Mosad A. Ghareeb1; Omar M. Khalaf2; Mona Bashir Abd El-latif3; Ahmed M. Azzam* 4 | ||
| 1Medicinal Chemistry Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Kornaish El Nile, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba (P.O. 30), Giza, 12411, Egypt | ||
| 2Chemistry of Natural Product Department, Ministry of Education, Anbar Education Directorate, Iraq | ||
| 3Environmental Research Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute (TBRI), P.O. Box 30 -12411, Giza, Egypt. | ||
| 4Environmental Research Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute | ||
| Abstract | ||
| In recent years, wastewater treatment technologies have garnered more attention as the world pursues fulfilling the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study has pointed to the role of wastewater control that plays toward achieving one of the SDGs: clean water and sanitation. In this work, the phytochemical screening of Calotropis procera leaf extract detected the appearance of various classes of secondary metabolites involving saponins, phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, terpenoids, and tannins. Moreover, HPLC examination revealed that the investigated extract comprises phenolic acids and flavonoids. The average size of semi-spherical zinc oxide nanoparticles is 30.27nm; they were fabricated and conjugated with C. procera leaf extract to improve the antimicrobial activity. The results in this study recorded significant antimicrobial performance of ZnO NPs and C. procera leaf extract; however, the synthesized CP@ZnO nanocomposite showed maximum antimicrobial activities against the most strains found in wastewater in a relatively low concentration (MIC= 50, 75, and 35µg/ l for S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans, respectively). The novel CP@ZnO nanocomposite is considered to be an efficient and safe antimicrobial agent and effective for wastewater treatment in local communities to provide unconventional water sources from water reuse. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Sustainable Development Goals; Wastewater; Calotropis procera; Zinc Oxide; Nanoparticles; Antimicrobial | ||
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