Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus H5N1 in Africa: Current Situation and Control Prospects | ||
| Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences | ||
| Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 29 September 2025 | ||
| Document Type: Review Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/javs.2025.410801.1700 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Ahamidou MOUSTAPHA* 1; Adamou AKOURKI2; Ibrahim ADAMOU KARIMOU3; Amadou MOROU MADOUGOU4; Halima MAINA5; Moumouni OUSSEINI6; Essodina TALAKI7 | ||
| 1Ministère de l’Agriculture et de l’Elevage (MAG/EL), Direction de la Santé Animale (DSA), BP : 12091, Niamey, Niger | ||
| 2Université Dan Dicko Dankoulodo de Maradi (UDDM), Faculté d’Agronomie et des Sciences de l’Environnement (FASE), BP: 465, Maradi, Niger | ||
| 3Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques (FSA), Université Djibo Hamani de Tahoua (UDH), BP : 255, Tahoua, Niger | ||
| 4Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations-Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases, BP : 656, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso | ||
| 5Laboratoire Central de l’Elevage de Niamey (LABOCEL), Service de Parasitologie, BP: 485, Niamey, Níger | ||
| 6Ministère de l’Agriculture et de l’Elevage (MAG/EL), Direction des Statistiques (DS), BP : 12091, Niamey, Niger | ||
| 7Université de Lomé (UL), Centre d’Excellence Régional sur les Sciences Aviaires(CERSA), 01 BP: 1515, Lomé, Togo | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Since it first appeared in poultry in Scotland in 1959, Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N1 has greatly impacted the global poultry industry and public health. In less than seventy years, it has spread to ninety-six countries in Asia, Europe, Africa, and America. In Africa, the first cases were reported in Nigeria in 2006. Since then, the virus has spread rapidly to around twenty African countries, becoming enzootic and raising concerns for public health. This study aims to present a review of the recent literature on HPAI H5N1 in Africa in order to contribute to understand of its epidemiology and to explore strategies for prevention, preparedness, and control of a future panzootic. HPAI H5N1 viruses belong to the Influenza A genus and the Orthomyxoviridae family. They evolved considerably over time through mutation, duplication, and recombination, including the insertion of cellular or viral amino acids. Updated epidemiological data reveal changes in their ecology and epidemiology, including detection in dairy cows and transmission to humans. However, limited knowledge exists regarding the epidemiology and molecular evolution of the virus in Africa. An outbreak could severely impact household economies, food security, and public health. Effective control of this disease in Africa must therefore adopt a multisectoral and multidisciplinary approach that integrates the three components of health: human, animal, and environmental. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Africa; Avian influenza; Epidemiology; Poultry; Zoonosis | ||
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