assessment of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNFα) as an immune marker in young pregnant women with dual CMV and measles infections | ||
| Microbes and Infectious Diseases | ||
| Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 29 September 2025 | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/mid.2025.412250.3097 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Mohammed Mousa Atta* ; Ashraf Fadhil Jomah* | ||
| College of Medicine, University of Sumer, Dhiqar, Iraq | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Background: This group study was conducted in Iraq - Dhi Qar Governorate - Al-Rifai District during the period extending from April 1 to October 1, 2024. It included taking (50) serum samples from pregnant women who visited the outpatient gynecology clinics after obtaining verbal consent from the patients and the physician. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of TNF-α in women infected with both Toxoplasmosis and measles. Methods: The results were a statistically acceptable increase in the level of the cytokine under study. Results: Dual Infections (CMV + Rubella or CMV + Toxoplasma): Women who have both CMV and dual infections had higher TNFα levels (0.3985pg/mL –0.4210pg/mL) when compared to women who had CMV (0.3662pg/mL) only. This means that having dual infections at the same time might trigger a stronger inflammatory response. Range of TNFα Levels: The range regarding the levels of TNFα in cases with dual infection has been similarly wider (0.1646–0.5112 pg/mL), which suggests that the immune response varies from person to person.Pregnancy Complications: Women who were pregnant and had greater levels of TNFα in dual infection groups have been more likely to have bad pregnancy outcomes, like miscarriage, preterm birth, and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). The healthy control group, which had lower TNFα levels, had less of these problems. Conclusion: The present study highlights the importance of TNFα for pregnancy outcomes, especially for women with CMV as well as an additional pathogens, like Toxoplasma or Rubella. Results have implied that high TNFα levels, especially in the case where when there is a couple of infections simultaneously, have been associated with bad outcomes for the pregnancy, like the miscarriages, IUGR and preterm birth, which suggest that an extremely active immune system, according to higher TNFα levels. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| C.M.V; Rubella; pregnancy outcome | ||
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