Caveolin-1 level and Carotid Intima Media Thickness in Children with Type One Diabetes Mellitus | ||
| Al-Azhar Journal of Pediatrics | ||
| Volume 28, Issue 4, October 2025 PDF (1.03 M) | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/azjp.2025.456727 | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Background: Renal disease and endothelial dysfunction are common complications in children with diabetes mellitus. This is usually associated with an increase in the carotid intima media thickness (CIMT). These events relative timing is important to avoid progression of vascular complications and atherosclerosis in these patients. Caveolin-1 protein has an important role in transduction of signals and acts as a crucial regulator of migration and cellular adhesion. It was proved that caveolin-1 is implicated in vascular function and atherosclerosis, however studies detecting its levels in relation to CIMT in pediatric type one diabetes populations are lacking. Aim: Detect the level of caveolin in children with type one diabetes and point out the relation between urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER), caveolin level and subclinical atherosclerosis risk. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional comparative study that included fifty patients with type one diabetes who had diabetes at least for 5 years. They were recruited from pediatric diabetes clinic at children’s Hospital, Ain Shams University from January 2022 to July 2022. They were compared to twenty-five age and sex matched controls. Patients with type one diabetes were equally divided into two sub-groups according to (UAER); a normoalbuminuric and a micro-albuminuria group more than 300mg/24 hours. Enzyme-linked immunoassay was used to measure Caveolin level. Carotid intima media thickness was measured using a high resolution ultra-sound machine. It was used as a surrogate marker of early diabetic vascular changes. Results: Higher levels of caveolin were detected in patients with diabetes in comparison to healthy controls with a p-value less than 0.01. In the patients’ group, caveolin levels were found to be higher significantly among diabetic nephropathy patients, according to increased UAER, in comparison to patients without diabetic nephropathy, p-value less than 0.001. Carotid intima media thickness was higher among patients with diabetic nephropathy (P value less than 0.04). Using ROC curve analysis, a cut off value of caveolin greater than six ng/ml was found to differentiate between patients with diabetic nephropathy from those without nephropathy, with 96% specificity. Moreover, we found that caveolin levels are correlated positively with HbA1c level and (UAER). A cut off value of CIMT more than 0.03cm is best to differentiate patients suffering from diabetic nephropathy from those without nephropathy, with a specificity of 84%. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a caveolin level more than 17 ng/ml and CIMT more than 0.03 cm were best associated with diabetic nephropathy patients. Conclusion: Levels of Caveolin are associated significantly with urinary albumin excretion as well as subclinical vascular changes in patients with type one diabetes. Accordingly, we can conclude that high levels of caveolin may be correlated with the degree of diabetic nephropathy and angiopathy. This can be used as a therapeutic target. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Type one Diabetes in children; Caveolin-1 Level; Diabetic nephropathy; diabetic vascular affection | ||
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