Dengue vaccines past and future: Evaluating current platforms and paving the way for next-generation solutions | ||
| Microbes and Infectious Diseases | ||
| Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 04 October 2025 | ||
| Document Type: Review Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/mid.2025.385805.2799 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Aditi Pal1, 2; Srikant Kumar Dhar3; Monalisa Subudhi4; Mahesh Chandra Sahu* 2 | ||
| 1Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Kalinganagar, Bhubaneswar-751003, Odisha, India | ||
| 2Medical Entomology Division, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar-751023, Odisha, India | ||
| 3Senior Consultant-General Medicine, SUM Ultimate Medicare, K8 Kalinga Nagar, Ghatikia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751003 | ||
| 4Department of Microbiology, IMS and SUM Hospital II, Phulnakhara, SOA Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar- 754001, Odisha, India | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Background: Dengue poses a significant global health burden, with nearly 390 million infections reported annually, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. Developing a safe, effective, and broadly protective dengue vaccine remains a formidable challenge due to the virus’s four distinct serotypes and the risk of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE). This review critically examines the current landscape of dengue vaccine development, emphasizing licensed vaccines, emerging platforms, immunological barriers, and future directions. According to literature the performance of the two approved vaccines, Dengvaxia (CYD-TDV) and Qdenga (TAK-003) noting their respective efficacy (~60% in seropositive individuals for Dengvaxia; ~80% overall for Qdenga), safety considerations, and serotype-specific effectiveness. While Qdenga offers stronger protection against DENV-2, it shows reduced efficacy against DENV-3. The review also highlights next-generation vaccine platforms, including live attenuated candidates (e.g., TV003/TV005), DNA and mRNA-based vaccines, underscoring their potential to enhance immunogenicity and production scalability. Key immunological hurdles such as serotype diversity, cross-reactivity, immune imprinting, and ADE are explored in relation to vaccine design. Also, we discuss future strategies integrating precision immunology, structural vaccinology, and public health infrastructure to accelerate the development of a universal dengue vaccine. By identifying current gaps and emerging solutions, this review offers a roadmap for next-generation dengue immunization. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Keywords: Dengue; Vaccine development; Antibody-dependent enhancement; Serotype diversity; mRNA vaccine platforms | ||
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