Study of T cell Immunoreceptor with Ig and Immunoreceptor Tyrosine-Based Inhibitory Motif Domains Marker in Iraqi Patients with DM Type-1 | ||
| Egyptian Journal of Medical Microbiology | ||
| Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 04 October 2025 | ||
| Document Type: New and original researches in the field of Microbiology. | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/ejmm.2025.422370.1863 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Tiba M. Hadi* 1; Farhan A. Risan2; Montaha A. Al-saffar3 | ||
| 1College of Health and Medical Technology, Middle Technical University, Iraq. | ||
| 2College of Health and Medical Technology, Middle Technical University, Iraq | ||
| 3Department of community Health, Medical Technical Institute, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, Iraq | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Background: β-cell degeneration and complete insulin insufficiency are hallmarks of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM), a chronic autoimmune illness. Though their clinical significance is yet unknown, immune checkpoints such T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT) may be involved in regulating autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes. Objectives: To investigate serum TIGIT level in Iraqi patients with T1DM and assess their relationship with glycemic status and β-cell function. Methodology: A case-control study was conducted on 150 participants from Baghdad (May 2025- August 2025), including 100 T1DM patients (3–29 years) and 50 healthy controls. Venous blood samples were analyzed for HbA1c, fasting blood sugar (FBS), C-peptide, and TIGIT levels using ELISA. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 2019, with P ≤ 0.05 considered significant. Results: Patients showed significantly higher HbA1c (10.47 ± 0.22% vs. 4.81 ± 0.08%, P = 0.0001), FBS (14.95 ± 0.71 vs. 5.20 ± 0.13 mg/dL, P = 0.0001), and TIGIT levels (7.93 ± 0.13 vs. 2.91 ± 0.08 ng/mL, P = 0.0001) compared to controls. C-peptide was markedly reduced in patients (0.0045 ± 0.0003 vs. 1.152 ± 0.065 ng/mL, P = 0.0001). TIGIT levels showed no significant correlation with HbA1c, FBS, or C-peptide. Conclusion: TIGIT is significantly elevated in T1DM patients, independent of glycemic control and β-cell reserve, indicating its potential as an immunological biomarker for disease profiling. Further studies are warranted to explore its prognostic and therapeutic implications. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| T1DM; TIGIT; Immune checkpoint; C-peptide | ||
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