Minimally Invasive Intramedullary Fixation of Middle third clavicular Fractures Through the Medial Entry by Titanium Elastic Nailing System (TENS) | ||
| Al-Azhar International Medical Journal | ||
| Volume 2025, Issue 5, May 2025, Pages 290-292 PDF (332.1 K) | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: https://doi.org/10.21608/aimj.2025.446593 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Amr Mohammed Zaki1; Mahmoud Rabie Mohammed* 2; Ahmed Fathy El-Sherbiny3 | ||
| 1Professor of Dermatology and Venereology; Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine, Cairo | ||
| 2Assistant lecturer of Dermatology and Venereology; Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine, Cairo | ||
| 3Assistant professor of Andrology, International Islamic Center for Population Studies and Research; Al-Azhar University. | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Background: Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) is a major clinical challenge, with spontaneous sperm recovery being rare and fertility treatment options remaining limited. Aim of the study: This study aims to explore the effectiveness of letrozole in improving sperm retrieval in NOA patients who have previously undergone unsuccessful testicular sperm extraction (TESE). Methodology: Thirty azoospermic patients with a history of previously failed TESE received 2.5 mg of letrozole daily for three months, followed by hormonal evaluation and semen analysis. Those who remained azoospermic underwent TESE. Results: Showed a significant increase in FSH, LH, and total testosterone (tT) levels, with a reduction in estradiol (E2) and an improved T/E2 ratio. The sperm retrieval rate (SRR) was 13.3%. Conclusion: The study suggests that letrozole could be considered for idiopathic NOA patients after failed TESE, potentially reducing the need for invasive surgical sperm retrieval. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Infertility; Letrozole; Aromatase inhibitors; Non-obstructive Azoospermia; TESE | ||
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