The Role of COX-2 and HIF-1α in Colon Cancer: Insights from Immunohistochemistry | ||
| Medicine Updates | ||
| Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 09 October 2025 | ||
| Document Type: Review Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/muj.2025.424748.1266 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Amira AboSamra* 1; Marwa Hosny Mohamed Khashaba2; Mayada Saad Mohammed Farrag3; Azza Zidan4 | ||
| 1Pathology department facility of medicine portsaid university | ||
| 2Lecturer of Pathology, Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Port Said University, Egypt. | ||
| 3Associate Professor of Pathology, Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Port-Said University, Egypt | ||
| 4Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Port-Said University, Port-Said, Egypt | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Its complex pathogenesis involves a multitude of molecular and cellular pathways, among which Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) have gained significant attention. COX-2, an inducible enzyme involved in prostaglandin synthesis, is frequently overexpressed in colorectal tumors and contributes to inflammation, cell proliferation, resistance to apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Similarly, HIF-1α, a key transcription factor activated under hypoxic conditions, promotes tumor survival by regulating genes involved in angiogenesis, metabolism, and invasion. Both molecules not only facilitate tumor progression but are also associated with poor clinical outcomes. This review aims to synthesize existing research on the roles of COX-2 and HIF-1α in CRC development and progression. In particular, it highlights findings from immunohistochemical (IHC) studies that evaluate their expression in tumor tissues and discusses their potential use as diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic targets in colorectal cancer management. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Colon cancer; COX-2; HIF-1α; Immunohistochemistry | ||
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