A Comparative Study of PoW-Based Blockchain Consensus Algorithms | ||
| IJCI. International Journal of Computers and Information | ||
| Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 10 October 2025 | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/ijci.2025.359863.1192 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Radwa Nabil Fayed* 1; Gamal Farouk Elhady2; Anas Youssef2 | ||
| 1computer science, science,tanta | ||
| 2Computer Science Department, Faculty of Computers and Information, Menoufia University | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Blockchain technology is among the technologies that attracts great attention by both academic and business communities. It employs consensus algorithms to address security and decentralization challenges in distributed systems. Among the disadvantages of these algorithms are their high-power consumption, low resistance to Sybil and 51% attacks, and low degree of decentralization. This paper introduces a comparative study of a set of blockchain consensus algorithms previously proposed in literature. The selected algorithms are all based on the Proof-of-Work (PoW) algorithm which forms the core of consensus for many blockchain networks. The algorithms that form the implemented comparative study are PoW, Compute-and-Wait PoW (CW-PoW) and Green-PoW. The three algorithms are compared and evaluated in terms of four different criteria. These criteria include the degree of decentralization among blockchain nodes, block generation time, transaction issue rate, and total computation time. The evaluation results showed that PoW was the best in terms of block generation time; number of transactions issued per second and total computation time. On average, PoW achieved a block generation time of only 0.21 seconds which is much lower than the average block generation times of both CW-PoW and Green-PoW with average block generation times of 143 seconds and 9 seconds, respectively. The average number of transactions issued per second for PoW, CW-PoW and Green-PoW were 14951, 37, and 10921, transactions per second, respectively. The obtained average total computation time for PoW, CW-PoW and Green-PoW were 3, 3109 and 1965 seconds, respectively. Green-PoW showed the best compromise between all evaluated metrics. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Blockchain; Consensus; PoW; CW-PoW; Green-PoW | ||
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