Acute and Chronic Fluoride Exposure Impairs Blood Physiology, Immunity, and Metabolic Disruptions in Labeo rohita | ||
| Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries | ||
| Volume 29, Issue 5, September and October 2025, Pages 2429-2448 PDF (503.73 K) | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/ejabf.2025.425263.6609 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Muhammad Hasnain Mustafa1; Basim S. A. Al Sulivany2; Nuha Hameed Albassam3; Alan I Yousif4; Nidhal Tahseen Taha Al-Taee Tahseen Taha Al-Taee5; Kaynat Saeed6; ALI HASSAN7; Muhammad Owais* 7 | ||
| 1Department of Zoology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan | ||
| 2-Department of biology/faculty of science/ university of zakho -Anesthesia Department, college of health sciences, Cihan University-Duhok. | ||
| 3Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, University of Tikrit, Salah Al-deen, Iraq | ||
| 4Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Zakho, Zakho, 42002, Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. | ||
| 5University of Mosul, College of Agriculture and Forestry, Department of Animal Production, Mosul, Iraq. | ||
| 6Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. | ||
| 7Department of Zoology, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan | ||
| Abstract | ||
| This study aimed to evaluate the toxic effects of sodium fluoride (Na-F) on Labeo rohita (rohu), a freshwater species. Eighty fish (100–150 g) were acclimated for 15 days under controlled conditions (pH 7.5 ± 0.04, dissolved oxygen 8.11 ± 0.12 mg/L, temperature 22.81 ± 0.31 °C) and exposed to Na-F at 0 (control), 12.5, 15, and 17.5 mg/L for 45 days. Hematological analysis revealed severe reductions in red blood cells (RBC) (3.13 ± 0.05 × 10⁶/mm³), hemoglobin (Hb) (7.23 ± 0.33 g/dL), and hematocrit (Hct) (26.70 ± 0.7%) in the 17.5mg/ L group (P< 0.05). Immunological disruptions included elevated white blood cells (WBCs) (20.13 ± 0.43 × 10³/mm³) and neutrophils (21.32 ± 0.70%) alongside decreased lymphocytes (12.12 ± 1.51%) (P< 0.05). Serum biochemistry showed hypoglycemia (75 ± 2.34 mg/dL), hypercholesterolemia (167.6 ± 1.16 mg/dL), reduced albumin (1.3 ± 0.08 mg/dL), and increased serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (303.3 ± 3.9 IU/L). Organ weights reduced significantly, particularly gills (1.4 ± 0.04 g, P< 0.05). The findings highlight Na-F’s, alerting hematological, metabolic, and immune functions in L. rohita, necessitating stricter fluoride regulation in aquatic environments | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Fish feeding; Blood Physiology; Immunity; Metabolic Disruptions; Labeo rohita | ||
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