Dentinal Crack Formation Associated with Four Nickel-Titanium Systems: Influence of Alloy Surface Treatment, Motion Type, and Number of Instruments | ||
| Egyptian Dental Journal | ||
| Volume 71, Issue 4 - Serial Number 5, October 2025, Pages 3519-3529 PDF (1.03 M) | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/edj.2025.401224.3543 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Abeer Saba; Karim galal Abdel-Kader* | ||
| Associate Professors of Endodontics, Endodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Objective: This in vitro investigation used different nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotational and reciprocating systems to evaluate the development of dentinal microcracks after root canal preparation. Additionally assessed were the effects of file metallurgy, motion type and the number of instruments used. Materials and Methods: ProTaper Universal (PTU), ProTaper Gold (PTG), OneCurve (OC), WaveOne Gold (WOG), and Control (unprepared) were the five groups (n=10) of fifty extracted single-rooted human teeth with straight canals. The size of every prepared canal was enlarged to #25. Samples were sectioned at 3, 6, and 9 mm from the apex, and the presence of cracks was checked using a stereomicroscope set to 25× magnification. Both the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests (p ≤ 0.05) were used in the statistical analyses. Results: No cracks were observed in the control group. All experimental groups exhibited varying levels of microcracks, with the highest incidence in PTU and WOG groups, especially in middle and apical thirds. PTG and OC caused significantly fewer cracks, indicating the beneficial effects of heat treatment and increased file flexibility. Motion type influenced crack formation; WOG (reciprocating) induced more cracks than OC (rotating). However, the number of instruments used (single vs. multiple) showed no significant impact. Conclusion: Root canal instrumentation with NiTi systems may lead to dentinal crack formation. Heat-treated systems (PTG and OC) demonstrated lower crack incidence compared to conventional and reciprocating systems (PTU and WOG). Crack formation appears to be influenced by alloy properties, motion kinematics, and file design, rather than the number of instruments used. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Nickel-Titanium Instrument; Rotary Endodontics; Dentinal Microcracks; Instrument Kinematics; Thermomechanical Treatment | ||
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