Understanding the Synergistic Impact of Atropine with Xylazine And Ketamine on Recovery Time, Heart Rate and Respiratory Rate in Male Rabbits | ||
| Assiut Veterinary Medical Journal | ||
| Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 13 October 2025 | ||
| Document Type: Research article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/avmj.2025.341413.1505 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Wessam M.M. Saleh* 1; Mohammed R Abduljaleel2; Ashraff W Abdulrazaq2; Mosa F Abbas2; Abdalbari A Alfaris2; Rafid M Naeem2; Alaa A Ibrahim2; Mohammed M Jasim2; Ibrahim M.H. Alrashid2; Haider Rasheed Alrafas3 | ||
| 1Department of Internal and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Basrah, Basra State, Iraq | ||
| 2Department of Surgery and Obstetric, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq | ||
| 3Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Basrah, Basrah-Iraq | ||
| Abstract | ||
| We aim to investigate the synergistic or antagonistic impacts of atropine alone or in combination with xylazine and ketamine on recovery time, heart rate and respiratory rate during surgical interventions in rabbits. Rabbits were randomly assigned into three-groups; first group (GA) was injected with atropine for 10 minutes followed by full dose of ketamine-xylazine (XK) injection, second group (GB) was injected with atropine for 10 minutes followed by half dose injection of xylazine-ketamine mixture (XK), and third group (GC) was injected only with a complete dose of xylazine-ketamine mixture. Based on the observation of recovery time, we demonstrated that half doses of ketamine and xylazine significantly (P=0.0009 and 0.0051) increased the time of recovery compared to any other treatment groups. Moreover, time to recover was also substantially decreased in GB and GC groups and was directly proportional to the dose used. An effect of complete and half doses of ketamine and xylazine on heart and respiration rates in male rabbits were observed. No significant difference in heart rates amongst all treated groups before the injection of doses, however, a significant (P=0.00012) decrease in recovery time was observed in GC group compared to other treated groups. Using of atropine with xylazine and ketamine increased anesthesia longevity when compared with ketamine and xylazine alone. Importantly, the anesthetic effect of atropine with full or half doses of xylazine and ketamine were similar. Interestingly, we revealed that heart and respiratory rates are improved when atropine was applied with half dose of xylazine and ketamine | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Rabbits; Atropine; Xylazine; Ketamine; Vital Signs | ||
|
Statistics Article View: 1 |
||
