UNDERSTANDING THE SYNERGISTIC IMPACT OF ATROPINE WITH XYLAZINE AND KETAMINE ON RECOVERY TIME, HEART RATE AND RESPIRATORY RATE IN MALE RABBITS | ||
| Assiut Veterinary Medical Journal | ||
| Article 19, Volume 71, Issue 187, October 2025, Pages 237-246 PDF (510.19 K) | ||
| Document Type: Research article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/avmj.2025.341413.1505 | ||
| Authors | ||
| MOHAMMED R. ABDULJALEEL1; ASHRAFF W ABDULRAZAQ1; MOHAMMED M. JASSIM1; MOSA F. ABBAS1; ABDALBARI A ALFARIS1; RAFID M. NAEEM2; ALAA A. IBRAHIM2; WESSAM MONTHER MOHAMMED SALEH* 3; IBRAHIM M.H. ALRASHID1; HAIDER RASHEED ALRAFAS4 | ||
| 1Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq | ||
| 2Department of Surgery and Obstetric, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq | ||
| 3Department of Internal and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Basrah, Basra State, Iraq. | ||
| 4Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Basrah, Basrah-Iraq. | ||
| Abstract | ||
| The present study aimed to investigate the synergistic or antagonistic impacts of atropine alone or in combination with xylazine and ketamine on recovery time, heart rate, and respiratory rate during surgical interventions in rabbits. Fifteen rabbits were randomly assigned into three groups; the first group (GA) was injected with atropine for 10 minutes followed by a full dose of ketamine-xylazine (XK) injection, the second group (GB) was injected with atropine for 10 minutes followed by a half-dose injection of xylazine-ketamine mixture (XK), and the third group (GC) was injected only with a complete dose of xylazine-ketamine mixture. Based on the observation of recovery time, we demonstrated that half doses of ketamine and xylazine significantly (P=0.0009 and 0.0051) increased the time of recovery compared to any other treatment groups. Furthermore, the GB and GC groups experienced a substantial decrease in recovery time, which was directly proportional to the used dose. The effects of complete and half doses of ketamine and xylazine on heart and respiration rates in male rabbits were observed. No significant difference in heart rates amongst all treated groups before the injection of doses; however, a significant (P=0.00012) decrease in recovery time was observed in the GC group, compared to other treated groups. Using atropine with xylazine and ketamine increased anaesthesia longevity when compared with ketamine and xylazine alone. Importantly, the anaesthetic effect of atropine with full or half doses of xylazine and ketamine was similar. Interestingly, we revealed that heart and respiratory rates are improved when atropine is applied with half doses of xylazine and ketamine. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Rabbits; Atropine; Xylazine; Ketamine; Vital Signs | ||
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