Assessing the Impact of Air pollution on Masonry Walls of Muhammad Ali Palace in Cairo Using Spectrum Analysis
Azouz, M., Hamed, A., Salem, D., Ashraf, F. (2025). Assessing the Impact of Air pollution on Masonry Walls of Muhammad Ali Palace in Cairo Using Spectrum Analysis. EKB Journal Management System, 16(16), 1-1. doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1530/1/012015
M. Azouz; A. Hamed; D. Salem; F Ashraf. "Assessing the Impact of Air pollution on Masonry Walls of Muhammad Ali Palace in Cairo Using Spectrum Analysis". EKB Journal Management System, 16, 16, 2025, 1-1. doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1530/1/012015
Azouz, M., Hamed, A., Salem, D., Ashraf, F. (2025). 'Assessing the Impact of Air pollution on Masonry Walls of Muhammad Ali Palace in Cairo Using Spectrum Analysis', EKB Journal Management System, 16(16), pp. 1-1. doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1530/1/012015
Azouz, M., Hamed, A., Salem, D., Ashraf, F. Assessing the Impact of Air pollution on Masonry Walls of Muhammad Ali Palace in Cairo Using Spectrum Analysis. EKB Journal Management System, 2025; 16(16): 1-1. doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1530/1/012015

Assessing the Impact of Air pollution on Masonry Walls of Muhammad Ali Palace in Cairo Using Spectrum Analysis

The International Conference on Civil and Architecture Engineering
Volume 16, Issue 16, May 2025, Pages 1-1    PDF (350.22 K)
DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1530/1/012015
Authors
M. Azouz1; A. Hamed2; D. Salem3; F Ashraf4
1Architecture Department, Housing & Building National Research Center, 87 El-Tahrir St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt
2Geological and Geophysical Department, Faculty of Petroleum and Mining Engineering-Suez University, Suez, Egypt
31Architecture Department, Housing & Building National Research Center, 87 El-Tahrir St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt
4Architecture Department, The British University in Egypt, Suez Desert Road El Sherouk City, Cairo, Egypt
Abstract
Built heritage has experienced significant degradation due to escalating air pollution,
especially in urban centers, with high concentrations of pollutants. In Egypt, this environmental
challenge has contributed to the degradation of valuable historical st ructures. Muhammed Ali
Palace, situated in El-Manial district south of Cairo, exemplifies this issue due to its location in
a traffic-congested area. Deterioration observed during field visits to the palace included surface
recession, corrosion, and soiling. This study assesses the impact of air pollution on the masonry
fence of the Muhammad Ali Palace using spectral analysis, a non-destructive technique for
identifying the mineralogical alterations in the building material. A total of 158 points were tested
at 14 locations on both the inner and outer sides of the fence. The study results indicates that the
most severe alteration is on the outer side, where carbonates were replaced by sulfides, leading
to gypsum formation. This alteration usually occurs due to the exposure to heavy traffic which
forms a crust that accelerates erosion. Conversely, the inner side of the fence is protected by the
presence of extensive vegetation. The research findings provide insights for stakeholders to
develop effective conservation strategies to mitigate air pollution effects on heritage structures.
Statistics
Article View: 14
PDF Download: 6