Optimization of Broccoli Seed Oil-Based Cleansing Balm: Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity, Physical Properties, and Skin Compatibility | ||
| Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences Assiut University | ||
| Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 14 October 2025 | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/bfsa.2025.415914.2723 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Hana Anisa Fatimi* ; Ahmad Ainurofiq; Hanum Mumtaz Salsabila Rizqy; Syaiful Choiri; Imam Prabowo; Rizky Dwi Larasati | ||
| Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Broccoli seed oil (BSO) contains linoleic acid, an essential fatty acid with antioxidant and skin-repairing properties. Its light texture and skin compatibility make it a promising natural ingredient for cosmetic cleansing formulations. This study aimed to determine the optimal formula of a BSO-based cleansing balm using carnauba wax and stearic acid as base components, and to evaluate its physical characteristics, antioxidant activity, cleansing ability, and potential for skin irritation. The formulation was optimized using the Simplex Lattice Design (SLD). Linoleic acid was identified through thin-layer chromatography (TLC), while antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH radical scavenging method. The physical parameters—pH, spreadability, adhesiveness, and melting point—were measured, and irritation testing was performed on rabbit skin in accordance with Indonesian FDA Guideline No. 10/2022. TLC confirmed the presence of linoleic acid with a retention factor (Rf) of 0.768. BSO exhibited strong antioxidant activity with an IC₅₀ value of 10.30 ppm. The optimum formula, containing 14% carnauba wax and 6% stearic acid, showed a pH of 6.5 ± 0.0008, spreadability of 11.95 ± 0.44 cm², adhesiveness of 4.2 ± 0.21 seconds, and a melting point of 37 °C. The formulation effectively removed makeup residues and caused no irritation or edema (irritation index = 0). The optimized BSO cleansing balm demonstrates excellent antioxidant potential, favorable physical stability, effective cleansing performance, and high skin compatibility, indicating its promise as a safe and natural cosmetic cleanser. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Broccoli seed; cleansing balm; irritation; optimization; simplex lattice design | ||
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