Evaluation of urea fertilizer in comparison with some conventional pesticides against terrestrial snails in fruit orchards | ||
| Journal of Pest Control and Environmental Sciences | ||
| Volume 17, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 19-30 PDF (352.83 K) | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/jpces.2009.459542 | ||
| Authors | ||
| M. S. EL-Shahaat* 1; E. H. Eshra2; Y. Abo Bakr2 | ||
| 1Central Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory, Agric. Res. Cent., Egypt. | ||
| 2Plant Protection Research Institute, Agric. Res. Cent., Egypt. | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Terrestrial gastropods have become considerably as economic pests in Egypt. The control of these snails is of great importance. The present study was conducted to evaluate urea fertilizer in comparison with some conventional pesticides as alternative method against some land snails attacking certain crops. The results revealed the following remarks: LT30 values with Eobania vermiculata snail were 2.68 and 1.61 days with urea. concentrations of 10% and 20% respectively, followed by methomyl bait (1% and 2% a.i), and urea aqueous solution (7.5%) where the LTso values were 4.29, 1.70 and 4.24 days, respectively. The methomyl bait (2%) and urea sprays (10 & 15%) were found to be the most effective treatments against Theba pisana snail where they have % mortality values of 90, 90 and 100 followed by thiodicarb bait (2%) which gave 55% mortality, while both baits of Kocide 2000, Copper hydroxide (5% Cu) and Acrobat copper; copper oxychloride + dimethomorph (5% Cu) gave 37% mortality after 5 days of application in apple orchard. Urea solution alone (20%) or (10%) mixed with carbendazim (0.2%), and urea (10%) mixed with carbendazim (0.2%), aluminium potassium alum (2.5%) and sugarcan honey (2%) were evaluated against E. vermiculata and T. pisana in guava orchard. The % reduction values of molluscan population were 95.9, 87.2 and 97.2, respectively, 3 days of spray. On the other hand, evaluation of urea solution on citrus trunks, indicated that the % reduction values of molluscan population were 98.91, 94.30 and 85.2 after 3 days of spray with urea (20%), urea (10%) and urea 10% mixed with potash alum (2.5%) treatments, respectively. Trunk spray technique of 20% aqueous urea fertilizer in grape orchard against E. vermiculata and T. pisana snails reduced the infestation to 98.8% and 95.7% after 3 days of treatment, respectively. The high efficiency of urea treatment is extended to three weeks after spray. In all field experiments, urea solution must be avoided to be contact with the foliage system of trees to prevent the phytotoxicity, that occured as burning of the leaves and flowers. | ||
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