Avian Influenza in Indonesia: A literature review on epidemiology, viral evolution, and public health implications
Ewaldo, M., Dewi, B., Kartika, A., Faridah, A., Nelwan, E., Erlina, L., Yasmon, A., Karuniawati, A. (2025). Avian Influenza in Indonesia: A literature review on epidemiology, viral evolution, and public health implications. EKB Journal Management System, (), -. doi: 10.21608/mid.2025.422062.3200
Muhammad Farrel Ewaldo; Beti Ernawati Dewi; Aisya Alma Asmiranti Kartika; Annisa Tsamara Faridah; Erni Juwita Nelwan; Linda Erlina; Andi Yasmon; Anis Karuniawati. "Avian Influenza in Indonesia: A literature review on epidemiology, viral evolution, and public health implications". EKB Journal Management System, , , 2025, -. doi: 10.21608/mid.2025.422062.3200
Ewaldo, M., Dewi, B., Kartika, A., Faridah, A., Nelwan, E., Erlina, L., Yasmon, A., Karuniawati, A. (2025). 'Avian Influenza in Indonesia: A literature review on epidemiology, viral evolution, and public health implications', EKB Journal Management System, (), pp. -. doi: 10.21608/mid.2025.422062.3200
Ewaldo, M., Dewi, B., Kartika, A., Faridah, A., Nelwan, E., Erlina, L., Yasmon, A., Karuniawati, A. Avian Influenza in Indonesia: A literature review on epidemiology, viral evolution, and public health implications. EKB Journal Management System, 2025; (): -. doi: 10.21608/mid.2025.422062.3200

Avian Influenza in Indonesia: A literature review on epidemiology, viral evolution, and public health implications

Microbes and Infectious Diseases
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 17 October 2025
Document Type: Review Article
DOI: 10.21608/mid.2025.422062.3200
Authors
Muhammad Farrel Ewaldo1; Beti Ernawati Dewi* 1, 2; Aisya Alma Asmiranti Kartika1; Annisa Tsamara Faridah1; Erni Juwita Nelwan3; Linda Erlina4; Andi Yasmon2; Anis Karuniawati2
1Cluster of Infectious Diseases and Immunology. Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute (IMERI), Jakarta, Indonesia
2Department of Microbiology Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia – Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
3Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia – Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
4Department of Medical Chemistry Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
Abstract
Background: Indonesia has experienced one of the highest burdens of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 globally since 2003, making it a major public health concern in Southeast Asia. There are few updates on the factors influencing the spread of avian influenza cases in Indonesia, and updated information is needed to raise awareness. This literature review summarizes data on the epidemiology, genetic evolution of the virus, zoonotic transmission risks, control efforts, and the One Health framework in the Indonesian context. Persistent virus circulation, limited biosecurity, and sociocultural factors continue to challenge disease control. Strengthening genomic surveillance, public awareness, and multi-sectoral coordination is essential to reduce the threat of future pandemics. Addressing avian influenza requires robust, integrated One Health surveillance, investment in local diagnostic capacity, timely response systems, and community engagement. Surveillance in live bird markets, animal movement control, and real-time data integration are critical components of pandemic prevention strategies.
Keywords
Avian Influenza; One Health; Surveillance; Awareness; Pandemic Prevention
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