Chronic Exposure to Mobile Phone Radiation: Effects on Liver Functions and Brain of Male and Female Sprague-Dawley Rats During Vibrating and Ringing Modes | ||
| Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology | ||
| Volume 14, Issue 2, December 2022, Pages 509-530 PDF (937.31 K) | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/eajbsz.2022.459885 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Ahmed G. Darwish1; Mohamadi A. Issa1; Emad S. Shaker1; Inas H. Refaat2 | ||
| 1Department of Agricultural chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt. | ||
| 2Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt. | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Exposure to electromagnetic radiation (EMR) has increased exponentially in recent years. As such, the potential physiological effects of wireless emissions (GHz) on biological systems are of significant interest to researchers but remain to be fully elucidated. The current study examines the impacts of long-term EMR exposure on certain biochemical and histopathological parameters in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats, using vibrating and ringing modes. Twenty-four male rats and twenty-four female rats weighing 60 ±10 g were randomly divided into eight groups (n=6) (4 groups for male rats and 4 groups for female rats) as follows: group I served as a control group without mobile phone, groups II, III, and IV were exposed to electromagnetic radiation from mobile phone 49 minutes per day for 12 weeks. Group II was in ringing mode, group III was in vibrating mode, while group IV was in ringing and vibrating modes (both modes). The frequency of electromagnetic radiation emitted from the mobile phone was measured using an electromagnetic radiation frequency radiometer for both modes. Rats were sacrificed after 4, 6, 8, and 12 weeks. The liver, brain and blood samples were obtained to assess oxidative stress, liver functions, and histopathological damage. Results showed that EMR from mobile phone in both ringing and vibrating modes increased the oxidative stress and liver enzymes. The EMR groups had a significant decrease in catalase (CAT) activity and reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration in brain and liver tissues compared to the control group. However, the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) was observed to increase significantly in the treatment groups exposed to both phone modes. Additionally, levels of protein and liver enzymes (ALT & AST) significantly increased. Also, the brain and liver tissues showed degeneration. These data collectively suggests that EMR exposure from mobile phone on male and female rats causes obvious impairment in the brain and liver. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Electromagnetic radiation; Mobile phone; Oxidative stress; Aminotransferases; Protein; Brain | ||
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