Monitoring of pesticide residues on cucumber, tomatoes, and strawberries in Gaza governorates, Palestine | ||
| Journal of Pest Control and Environmental Sciences | ||
| Volume 9, Issue 2, August 2001, Pages 45-70 PDF (746.9 K) | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/jpces.2001.460078 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Jamal M. Safi* 1; N. S. Abou-Foul2; Y. Z. El-Nahal3; A. H. El-Sebae4 | ||
| 1Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar Univ., Gaza, PNA | ||
| 2Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar Univ., Gaza, PNA. Environmental Protection and Research Institute, Gaza, PNA | ||
| 3Environmental Protection and Research Institute, Gaza, PNA | ||
| 4Dept. of Pesticide Chem., Fac. of Agric., Al-Azhar Univ., Chatby, Alex. Egypt | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Three techniques of gas chromatography (GC) either with flame photometric-detector (FPD), electron capture detector (ECD), or with mass-spectrometry (MS) were applied for identification and quantification of pesticide residues (4 samples) on cucumber, tomatoes, and strawberries in fifteen locations in Gaza (governorates). Palestine GC-FPD analysis showed the presence of four different OP pesticides parathion-methyl, chlorpyrifos, pyrazophos, and methamidophos. All OP levels were very low and below maximum residue limits (MRI s) GC-ECD detected pencoazone, tridemol. α and β-endosulfan. endosulfan sulfate and vinicozolin, hexaconazole, prodiolone chlorothalonil and dechlorfluand at levels below the MRI's. Using the GC MS technique, the chlorinated insecticide α and β-endosulfan was detected only on cucumber at Beit Hanoun and Khan Younis Center, while the OP insecticide chlorpyrifos was detected only on strawberry at Khan Younis East and Rafah West. The carbamate insecticide/nematicide carbofuran was only detected on cucumber at Shejaia. The chitin inhibitor chlorfluazuron was detected on tomatoes at Jabalia, and on strawberry at Beit Hanoun and Khan Younis Center. The fungicide trideminol 1 & 2 were detected on cucumber and strawberry at Beit Hanoun and Khan Younis West respectively while on tomatoes at respectively while on tomatoes at five locations. On the other hand, the fungicide penconazole was detected on cucumber, at three locations. while on strawberry only at two locations. The fungicide captafol- metabolite was detected only strawberry at six locations, while the fungicide propinoe was only detected on strawberry at four locations. All GC-MS pesticide residues detected on tomato were below the MRL's except chlorfluazuron white on strawberry were below the MRL's except penconazole - chlorfluazuron and pyrimehantil but on cucumber were slightly higher than the MRL's. Generally, tomatoes showed the least number and level of the pesticide residues by all the GC-techniques. On the other hand, strawberries showed greater number and levels on pesticide residues particularly by the GC-MS technique. These results indicate that the protective period to elapse before harvesting should be increased especially on strawberries. The results also can help in risk assessment of consumers exposure to the expected pesticide residues. | ||
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