Comparison of chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils obtained from wild and cultivated Thymus zygis | ||
| Egyptian Journal of Botany | ||
| Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 23 October 2025 | ||
| Document Type: Regular issue (Original Article) | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/ejbo.2025.347574.3136 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Rajae El Brahimi1; Asmae Baghouz2; El-Mehdi El-Assri1; Youssef El-Assri3; Najoua Darkaoui4; Oussama Merzouki5; Amina Bari1; Azeddin El Barnossi* 6 | ||
| 1Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Agri-Food, and Health, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30003, Morocco | ||
| 2Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques of Tetouan, Regional Health Directorate, Mohammed V Hospital, Ministry of Health and Social Protection, Al Hoceima, 32000, Morocco | ||
| 3Laboratory of Engineering, Electocheistry, Modeling and Environment (LIEME), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez 30 000, Morocco | ||
| 4Laboratory of Biotechnology, Conservation, and Valorization of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30003, Morocco | ||
| 5Laboratory of Engineering Materials, organometallic, Molecular and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez 1796 BP, Morocco | ||
| 6Biological Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco | ||
| Abstract | ||
| The present study aims to examine the chemical composition of T. zygis essential oils, collected in the wild from the northern region of Morocco during the flowering phase. Additionally, their antimicrobial activities have been evaluated. Hydro-distillation was used to extract the essential oil, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was employed for chemical characterization. In parallel, two distinct assays were used to measure antioxidant activity: the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) and the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays. Fumigation and repellency were employed to measure insecticidal activity. The results showed that thymol (36.24%), linalool (11.49%), and o-cymene (7.54%) were the main compounds in wild T. zygis, while thymol (57.42%) and α-pinene (7.60%) were the main compounds in cultivated T. zygis. DPPH free radical scavenging capacity and reduction power were used to quantify antioxidant activity. In the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay, essential oils of wild T. zygis (TZS-EO) exhibited the highest antioxidant capability, with a median inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 28.449 ± 0.424μg/mL. In the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power test, the highest activity was recorded in essential oils of domesticated T. zygis (TZD-EO), with a median inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 65.393 ± 0.899μg/mL, with inhibitory percentages of 83.86 ± 0.00% and 82.30 ± 2.71%, and CMIs of 0.746 ± 0.00μg/mL against Aspergillus niger, respectively. TZS-EO and TZD-EO exhibited encouraging antifungal activity against the tested strains. Concerning the fungicidal effect, demonstrated fungicidal effects against all tested fungal strains. Both oils exhibited insecticidal activity against adult Callosobruchus maculatus, resulting in absolute mortality at 20μL/L after 2 days of exposure. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Antimicrobial activity; Antioxidant activity; Chemical composition; Essential oil; Insecticidal action; Thymus zygis | ||
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