Comparative Study of the Chondroprotective Effects of Avocado/Soybean Oils Combination with Glucosamine/Chondroitin Sulphate Combination on Experimentally-Induced Osteoarthritis in Male Albino Rats | ||
| Zagazig University Medical Journal | ||
| Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 23 October 2025 | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/zumj.2025.427894.4224 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Alaa Nasr Abdelwahab Mohamed* 1; Elsayed M. Kamel2; Ibrahim A. Awwad3; Zeinab M. Saeed4 | ||
| 1Demonstrator of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine - Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt | ||
| 2Professor of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine - Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt | ||
| 3Assistant Professor of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine - Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt | ||
| 4Lecturer of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine - Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by inflammation, cartilage breakdown, disability. This study aimed to evaluate compare the protective effects of avocado/soybean oils (ASU), glucosamine/chondroitin sulfate (GS/CS) in reference with etoricoxib, methotrexate (MTX) in a rat model of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced OA. Methods: OA was induced in 42 male rats by intra-articular injection of MIA (3 mg). Animals were randomized into 7 groups (n = 6 each): group 1 (saline 50 µL intra-articular), group 2 (olive oil 0.3 mL/100 g/day orally), OA group (MIA 3 mg), OA+etoricoxib group (5.4 mg/kg/day orally), OA+ASU group (27 mg/kg/day orally), OA+GS/CS group (135 mg/kg/day orally), OA+MTX group (3 mg/kg/week orally). After 4 weeks of treatment, the serum interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), synovial extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1 (ERK1), and histopathological grading were assessed.. Results: MIA injection produced significant elevations in the ERK1, IL-1β, TNF-α, and NF-κB, accompanied by severe histopathological damage compared to controls. All therapeutic interventions significantly reduced pro-inflammatory mediators and improved histological scores compared to the untreated OA group. Etoricoxib reduced cytokine levels and ERK1 with moderate histological improvement. ASU markedly suppressed inflammatory markers and provided the greatest structural cartilage protection. GS/CS produced significant, but comparatively less, reductions in biochemical markers and histological grading scores. Conclusion: These findings highlight that OA progression is driven by ERK1 activation and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Both pharmacological and nutraceutical interventions mitigated disease activity, with MTX showing the strongest anti-inflammatory effect and ASU demonstrating the greatest cartilage preservation, suggesting complementary therapeutic potential. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Chondroprotective Effects; Avocado/Soyabean Oils; Glucosamine/Chondroitin Sulphate; Induced Osteoarthritis; Albino Rats | ||
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