Risk Factors and Comorbidities in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea Syndrome Patients | ||
| Zagazig University Medical Journal | ||
| Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 28 October 2025 | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/zumj.2025.427887.4223 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Hind Abdelaziz Ibrahim* 1; Ashraf Elshora2; Abeer Elhawary2; Reda Mohamed Elghamry2 | ||
| 1MBBCH, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University | ||
| 2Professor of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Background: Obstructive sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is a prevalent disorder linked to metabolic and cardiovascular morbidity. This study aimed to improve outcomes and survival in patients with obstructive sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome by identifying and addressing modifiable risk factors. Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, records of 500 adults with polysomnography-confirmed OSAHS were reviewed. Demographics, comorbidities, anthropometric indices, validated screening scores (Epworth Sleepiness Scale [ESS], STOP-BANG, Berlin), and full polysomnographic parameters were analyzed. Result: Severe OSA was present in 250 patients (50%), moderate in 126 (25.2%), and mild in 124 (24.8%). Hypertension (38.4%) was the most common comorbidity. Median ESS was 10 (IQR 6–13); mean STOP-BANG 5.15 ± 1.56. Increasing OSA severity correlated significantly with male sex, older age, higher BMI, and larger neck circumference (all p < 0.01). Severe disease showed lower sleep efficiency, reduced baseline and minimum oxygen saturation, and higher respiratory disturbance index (all p < 0.01). On multivariate analysis, independent predictors of severe OSA included male sex (AOR 2.26, 95% CI 1.42–3.58), higher ESS (AOR 1.06, 95% CI 1.01–1.11), higher STOP-BANG (AOR 1.52, 95% CI 1.28–1.80), and lower minimum O₂ (AOR 0.89, 95% CI 0.87–0.91); history of ischemic heart disease and prior stroke were inversely associated. Conclusion: Male gender, advancing age, elevated BMI, larger neck circumference, and hypertension are key risk factors for both presence and severity of OSAHS. Incorporating these demographic and clinical variables into screening can help prioritize patients for diagnostic testing and early management. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Risk Factors; Comorbidities; Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea Syndrome | ||
|
Statistics Article View: 8 |
||
