Stimuli Responsive Drug Delivery Systems: Types, Mechanisms, and Pharmaceutical Applications
Zaky, M., Othman, A., Ghonemy, M., Abdelkhaleq, A., Mohamed, S., Abdelkariem, E., Elkhateb, A., Moustafa, O., Elaswad, A., Taha, M., Abdelhay, M., Elhoussiny, F., AboShaloa, A. (2025). Stimuli Responsive Drug Delivery Systems: Types, Mechanisms, and Pharmaceutical Applications. EKB Journal Management System, 4(4), 3180-3211. doi: 10.21608/erurj.2025.307365.1174
Mohamed F. Zaky; Abdelrahman I. Othman; Mona A. Ghonemy; Abdelrahman H. Abdelkhaleq; Sohaila A. Mohamed; Eslam M. Abdelkariem; Ahmed M. Elkhateb; Osama A. Moustafa; Ahmed M. Elaswad; Mahmoud M. Taha; Maha E. Abdelhay; Fatma M. Elhoussiny; Alaa M. AboShaloa. "Stimuli Responsive Drug Delivery Systems: Types, Mechanisms, and Pharmaceutical Applications". EKB Journal Management System, 4, 4, 2025, 3180-3211. doi: 10.21608/erurj.2025.307365.1174
Zaky, M., Othman, A., Ghonemy, M., Abdelkhaleq, A., Mohamed, S., Abdelkariem, E., Elkhateb, A., Moustafa, O., Elaswad, A., Taha, M., Abdelhay, M., Elhoussiny, F., AboShaloa, A. (2025). 'Stimuli Responsive Drug Delivery Systems: Types, Mechanisms, and Pharmaceutical Applications', EKB Journal Management System, 4(4), pp. 3180-3211. doi: 10.21608/erurj.2025.307365.1174
Zaky, M., Othman, A., Ghonemy, M., Abdelkhaleq, A., Mohamed, S., Abdelkariem, E., Elkhateb, A., Moustafa, O., Elaswad, A., Taha, M., Abdelhay, M., Elhoussiny, F., AboShaloa, A. Stimuli Responsive Drug Delivery Systems: Types, Mechanisms, and Pharmaceutical Applications. EKB Journal Management System, 2025; 4(4): 3180-3211. doi: 10.21608/erurj.2025.307365.1174

Stimuli Responsive Drug Delivery Systems: Types, Mechanisms, and Pharmaceutical Applications

ERU Research Journal
Volume 4, Issue 4, October 2025, Pages 3180-3211    PDF (432.18 K)
Document Type: Review article
DOI: 10.21608/erurj.2025.307365.1174
Authors
Mohamed F. Zaky1; Abdelrahman I. Othman* 1; Mona A. Ghonemy1; Abdelrahman H. Abdelkhaleq2; Sohaila A. Mohamed2; Eslam M. Abdelkariem2; Ahmed M. Elkhateb2; Osama A. Moustafa2; Ahmed M. Elaswad2; Mahmoud M. Taha2; Maha E. Abdelhay2; Fatma M. Elhoussiny2; Alaa M. AboShaloa2
1Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Po. Box 11829, Cairo, Egypt
2Fifth year students, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Po. Box 11829, Cairo, Egypt
Abstract
Modern exogenous and endogenous-based stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems (DDSs) for temporal and spatial drug release were examined aiming to focus on the shortcomings of traditional treatment approaches. This review addresses the mechanism of action and smart chemistry of numerous stimuli-responsive polymeric carriers, which are important in both the exogenous and endogenous domains of sick cells or tissues. Research is being conducted globally to build new stimuli-responsive DDSs, both internal and external, for biomedical, and/or pharmaceutical applications. A crucial component of designing so-called "smart" DDSs, which sophisticatedly regulates drug loading, adjusts the mechanism of drug release, controls individual variability, and offers targeted drug delivery, is the polymeric carriers' dual/multi-responsive, internal, and even external behavior. Numerous DDSs have been invented, proposed, and used thus far. These systems include electrical, photo/light, pH, magnetic, temperature, ultrasonic, redox responsive DDSs, and multi-responsive DDSs (linking two or more from any of the aforementioned). To close the research gap, several difficult issues still need to be resolved despite the tremendous advancements made in the DDSs field. The drug release mechanisms and the uses of exogenous and endogenous stimuli-responsive DDSs in therapeutic settings were therefore highlighted.
Keywords
Drug delivery systems; drug release kinetics; stimuli-responsive targeting; exogenous stimuli; endogenous stimuli
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