Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles from Schefflera arboricola extract to enhance onion resistance to downy mildew, promote growth, and contribute to sustainability | ||
| Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research | ||
| Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 01 November 2025 | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/ejar.2025.431879.1747 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Sozan El-Abeid1; Heba Yousef1; Ahmed M. Saleh2; Eman Y Khafagi* 1 | ||
| 1Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt. | ||
| 2Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University, 34518, Egypt. | ||
| Abstract | ||
| This research focused on the green fabrication of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-Sca-NPs) using Schefflera arboricola extract and evaluate their efficacy against onion downy mildew (Peronospora destructor).GC-MS analysis revealed caffeic acid (80.69%) as the major compound, alongside malic and coumaric acids, indicating strong antioxidant potential. SEM, TEM, XRD, and FTIR analyses confirmed spherical nanoparticles (<80 nm) with a crystalline hexagonal structure and Zn–O bonds, validating successful synthesis. Field experiments showed dose-dependent reductions in disease severity, with 100 ppm ZnO NPs achieving 11.24% and 13.54% severity and 82.29% and 76.26% efficacy across two seasons, along with improved bulb yield and phenolic content. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed induction of a ~48 kDa protein band, suggesting activation of plant defense proteins. Cytotoxicity testing on primary human uterine fibroblast cells indicated acceptable biocompatibility at ≤10 µg/ml. Overall, ZnO-Sca-NPs demonstrated effective antifungal activity, growth promotion, and defense activation, supporting their viability as eco-compatible replacements for traditional fungicides. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| (ZnO-Sca-NPs); Schefflera arboricola extract; Onion downy mildew; Antifungal activity; Plant defense | ||
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