Ameliorative Effect of Gallic Acid and Gallic Acid-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles on Diclofenac-Induced Hepatotoxicity: Biochemical and Histopathological Evaluation | ||
| Egyptian Journal of Chemistry | ||
| Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 02 November 2025 | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/ejchem.2025.420193.12287 | ||
| Authors | ||
| ohoud marie* 1; Lamiaa Hegazy2; Elsayed H Eltamany3 | ||
| 1chemistry department, faculty of science, Suez canal university, Ismailia, Egypt | ||
| 2Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt | ||
| 3Professor of Organic chemistry, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt. | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Drug-induced liver injury remains a major clinical concern, with diclofenac, one of the most prescribed nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, being a notable contributor. The global search for safe hepatoprotective agents has directed attention toward natural antioxidants and their nano-formulations. This study aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective efficacy of gallic acid (GA) and its chitosan-based nanoformulation (nGA) against diclofenac-induced hepatic injury in rats. Adult male albino rats were divided into control, diclofenac, GA, and nGA treatment groups. Biochemical, oxidative stress, lipid profile, and histopathological analyses were performed after 21 days of treatment. Diclofenac administration markedly elevated serum hepatic enzymes, lipid profile indices, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (p < 0.05), while reducing antioxidant defenses. Co-administration of GA or nGA significantly ameliorated these alterations by lowering ALT, AST, and MDA levels and restoring superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) activities (p < 0.05). The nanoformulated GA showed superior efficacy to free GA, demonstrating greater normalization of biochemical parameters and near-normal hepatic architecture histologically. These effects appear to occur through attenuation of oxidative stress, inhibition of lipid peroxidation, and improvement of cellular antioxidant capacity. This study provides the first comparative evidence that chitosan-based nano-gallic acid offers enhanced hepatoprotection against diclofenac-induced liver toxicity compared with the conventional compound which suggested nanoencapsulation of natural antioxidants as an effective strategy for mitigating drug-induced liver injury. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Keywords: Diclofenac; Gallic acid; Chitosan nanoparticles; Hepatotoxicity; Oxidative stress; Rat model | ||
|
Statistics Article View: 3 |
||
