IN VITRO MORPHOLOGICAL AND GENETICALLY STUDIES VARIATION USING DIFFERENT MEDIUM CONCENTRATION AND PHYTOHORMONES IN APPLE ROOTSTOCK (MALUS DOMESTICA BORKH) | ||
| Egyptian Journal of Applied Science | ||
| Volume 40, Issue 9, September 2025, Pages 1-16 PDF (757.05 K) | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/ejas.2025.463403 | ||
| Abstract | ||
| ABSTRACT The apple (Malus domestica Borkh) is among the most economically significant fruit crops worldwide, and the development of efficient micropropagation protocols is essential for the production of healthy and uniform planting materials. Optimizing culture conditions for different apple rootstocks is particularly important to improve establishment, regeneration, multiplication, shoot elongation, and rooting efficiency. In the present study, leaves from two apple rootstocks trees (MM106 and Balady), explants were utilized and were grown on MS media at three distinct mineral strengths (½X, ¾X, and 1X). The establishment stage was carried out using ¾ MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/L Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP) and 0.1 mg/L Indole Butyric Acid (IBA). Kinetin & BAP both were at 0.3 mg/l, 0.2 mg/l for regeneration, multiplication and shoot elongation. For the rooting stage, IBA and Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) were applied at 0.5 mg/L under the three strength medium. Results revealed that the X medium was the most effective for regeneration, multiplication, and shoot elongation of both rootstocks, followed by ½X and 1X. On average, the ¾X medium promoted regeneration (47.50%), multiplication (16.50%), and shoot elongation (5.98 cm) in both rootstocks compared to other media. Among the cytokinins tested, BAP proved superior to Kinetin, which significantly enhanced, regeneration, multiplication, and shoot elongation. MM106 exhibited a higher response to cytokinins in all growth stages compared to Balady. For rooting, IBA was more effective than NAA, inducing higher rooting percentages and greater numbers of roots. The optimal rooting reaction was achieved with ¾X medium augmented by 0.5 mg/L IBA, which produced 17.00% rooting, with an average of 5.40 cm of root length and 7.67 roots/plant. To prove genetic stability, the cultivated plants were compared to the mother plant using ISSR. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Key Words: Apple; Rootstocks; Micropropagation; Cytokinins; Auxins; Genetic Stability | ||
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