Isolation and analysis of the antibiotic resistance characteristics of bacterial samples from hospital wastewater and non-hospital environments in Odisha | ||
| Microbes and Infectious Diseases | ||
| Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 05 November 2025 | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/mid.2025.415294.3128 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Asima Das1; Sunita Kabi* 1; Bhabani Shankar Das2; Lipika Jena1; Kundan Kumar Sahu1 | ||
| 1Department of Microbiology, IMS and SUM Hospital, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan, Deemed to be University, Kalinga nagar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India | ||
| 2Medical Research Lab, IMS and SUM Hospital, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan, Deemed to be University,Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Background: The significance of bacterial isolates found in wastewater environments as a source of antibiotic resistance and a potential origin of new resistance genes for clinical pathogens is often overlooked. This study aims to determine the antibiotic susceptibility profiles of different bacterial isolates from the hospital wastewater and non-hospital localities of tertiary care hospitals. Methods: The present study outlines the monitoring conducted from May 2022 to February 2023, 55 wastewater samples were collected from tertiary care hospitals and non-hospital sites. Isolated organisms were evaluated for resistance using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method, resistance patterns, and MICs were evaluated. Results: A total of 55 wastewater samples were collected from 10 different sampling sites, yielding 164 bacterial isolates. Among these, 101 isolates (61.5%) originated from hospital wastewater, while 63 isolates (38.4%) from non-hospital environments. The most commonly detected bacterium was Klebsiella spp., accounting for 102 isolates (62.19%), followed by E. coli with 41 isolates (25%), Pseudomonas spp. with 17 isolates (10.36%), and Enterococcus, which had 4 isolates (2.43%). The prevalence of AR bacteria was consistently higher in hospital wastewater across all parameters. Notably, the MARI for Klebsiella pneumoniae was significantly higher in hospital isolates (p = 0.0003). Bacteria from hospital wastewater also exhibited significantly higher MIC values compared to non-hospital isolates (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The findings indicate that resistant bacteria were more prevalent in hospital wastewater compared to non-hospital environments across all assessed indicators.The study underscore wastewater treatment systems need to be designed to prevent the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Hospital environment; multidrug-resistance; Non-hospital environment; Waste water; Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Index (MARI) | ||
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