Fungal ligninases: Techniques and applications | ||
| Microbial Biosystems | ||
| Volume 10, Issue 4, December 2025 | ||
| Document Type: Reviews | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/mb.2025.431538.1467 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Youssef M. Salah* 1; Rasha Salam Sahib2; Maha M. Refaey1; Ahmed M. Abdel-Azeem1, 3, 4 | ||
| 1Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt. | ||
| 2Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq. | ||
| 3Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB), Splaiul Independentei 91-95, 5th District, Bucharest, Romania. | ||
| 4The Centre for Mineral Biogeochemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, the University of the Free State, South Africa. | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Fungal ligninases, a category of extracellular oxidative enzymes primarily generated by white-rot fungi, play a vital role in the biodegradation of lignin, a complex aromatic polymer found in plant cell walls. This review thoroughly examines the classification, mechanisms, extraction techniques, and industrial applications of fungal ligninases, specifically laccases, lignin peroxidases (LiPs), manganese peroxidases (MnPs), and versatile peroxidases (VPs). These enzymes vary in substrate specificity, redox potential, and cofactor requirements, facilitating the degradation of various lignin structures. This review examines various extraction techniques and the methods for detecting and characterizing different types of fungal ligninases. The industrial applications of fungal ligninases have also been discussed, including their roles in the pulp and paper industry, textile dye degradation, cosmetics, medical applications, and biofuel production. The industrial applications of fungal ligninases have also been discussed, including their roles in the pulp and paper industry, textile dye degradation, cosmetics, medical applications, and biofuel production. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Industrial applications; Laccase enzyme; lignin peroxidase; manganese peroxidase; White-rot fungi | ||
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