Microbial approaches to oil spill remediation | ||
| Microbial Biosystems | ||
| Volume 10, Issue 4, December 2025 | ||
| Document Type: Reviews | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/mb.2025.435554.1479 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Kathiresan Subramanian* 1, 2; Huda S. Azzawi3; Juman K. Al-Sabbagh4; Ahmed M. Abdel-Azeem5, 6, 7 | ||
| 1NSF Health Sciences LLC, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600017, India. | ||
| 2Badrinarayan Barwale Mahavidhyalaya, Jalna, Maharashtra 431213, India. | ||
| 3Department of Health Administration Techniques, Technical Institute of Najaf, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, Najaf, Iraq. | ||
| 4Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kerbala, Karbala, Iraq | ||
| 5Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt. | ||
| 6Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB), Splaiul Independentei 91-95, 5th District, Bucharest, Romania. | ||
| 7The Centre for Mineral Biogeochemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, the University of the Free State, South Africa. | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Microbial Bioremediation (BRM) is an effective technique for removal of hydrocarbons (HCs) using sustainable methods from contaminated ecosystems. The microbial enzymes from bacteria, fungi, and yeasts convert the toxic HCs into non-toxic by-products that include carbon dioxide, water, and microbial biomass. Typically, the enzymes oxygenases, peroxidases, and laccases obtained from microorganisms namely Pseudomonas, Alcanivorax, Bacillus, Aspergillus, and Phanerochaete chrysosporium help in the breakdown of the hydrocarbons. The BRM efficiency is affected by numerous parameters such as temperature, microbial community makeup, oxygen availability, and hydrostatic pressure. As an example, the low temperature and hydrostatic pressure supresses microbial processes whereas aerobic conditions increase enzyme activity. The build-up of oxygenated polyaromatic hydrocarbons may hinder decomposition and present environmental hazards. Currently bioaugmentation techniques and consortia of microbes have been suggested to improve degradation efficiency, observed in deep-sea and marine environments. Two innovative techniques that have advanced our understanding of microbial interactions and dynamics are the "Oil-spill snorkel" and meta-omics. The consortia of Fungal-bacterial strains of Indian origin are typical examples of regional adaptation promising an efficient and targeted clean-up of complex hydrocarbon contaminants using BRM. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Bioremediation; bioaugmentation technique; hydrocarbon degradation; lignin bioremediation; Microbial enzymes | ||
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