STIMULATION OF HEAVY METAL TOLERANCE IN BROCCOLI (BRASSICA OLERACEA) IN VITRO | ||
| Egyptian Journal of Desert Research | ||
| Volume 75, Issue 2, December 2025, Pages 343-364 PDF (555.79 K) | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/ejdr.2025.368750.1202 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Amira R. Sallam* 1; Noura E. Mahmoud2 | ||
| 1Tissue Culture Unit, Department of Genetic Resources, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt | ||
| 2Biochemistry Unite, Department of Genetic Resources, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) is highly recommended and important vegetable crop due to its flavor and the secondary metabolites that have anticancer activity. Contamination vegetable by heavy metals (HMs) considered one of major problems, causing a high risk to human health. This study investigated the impact of moringa seeds crude protein extract (CPE) used at four levels (10, 20, 30 and 40% w/v) on vegetative and biochemical parameters and the HMs removal percentages in broccoli plantlets cultured in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium contaminated with full strength of HMs (Cd, Pb, Zn, Ni, Fe, Co, Mo, Cu, Cr mM/L) in vitro. The results indicated that the most efficient micropropagation protocol for broccoli was MSm8 (MS medium supplemented with 0.50 mg/L BAP + 0.50 mg/L KIN + 0.25 mg/L NAA) for multiplication. Inducing white true roots was more effective by MSr 4 (supplemented with 1.00 mg/L NAA. Adding moringa CPE had a positive impact on improving vegetative parameters in broccoli plantlets cultured in MS media contaminated with full strength of HMs and the maximum parameters were recorded at M2 (20%) of moringa CPE. Biochemical parameters also increased directly with increasing the moringa CPE levels, and the highest level (40%) of moringa CPE raised the scavenging rate of free radicals to (45%). Furthermore, the malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) quantities dropped significantly by 48.7% and 78.5%, respectively. In addition, the highest heavy metal removal percentages (Cd, Pb, Zn, Ni, Fe, Co, Mo, Cu, Cr mM/L) were 99.96, 80.01, 98.99, 99.82, 60.63, 99.90, 97.32, 99.61, and 80.22 mM/L, respectively, in comparison to the positive control in broccoli plantlets in vitro. Investigation postulated that moringa crude protein extract (CPE) had a positive effect in reducing the toxic effect of HMs on the plants grown in the contaminated areas. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Brassicaceae; micropropagation; moringa; seeds crude protein extract; bioremediation | ||
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