In Vitro Evaluation of Antibacterial Properties and Formula Optimization of Turmeric Rhizome (Curcuma domestica V.) Nanoemulsion Cream | ||
| Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences Assiut University | ||
| Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 18 November 2025 | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/bfsa.2025.432105.2828 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Cokorda Istri Tirta Rusmaladewi1; Sri Hartati Yuliani* 1; Putu Oka Samirana2 | ||
| 1Departement of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sanata Dharma University, Yogyakarta, 55282, Indonesia | ||
| 2Departement of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Udayana University, Jimbaran, Bali, 80361, Indonesia | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Turmeric rhizome (Curcuma domestica V.) has broad-spectrum antibacterial effects due to its curcumin content. Topical application of turmeric extract has limitations, which is curcumin was hydrophobic, low solubility and bioavailability. A concentration of 5% turmeric extract in nanoemulsion cream was selected. Optimization of the turmeric rhizome extract nanoemulsion cream base was carried out using Factorial Design. The formula was divided into 4, namely F1, FA, FB, and FAB with Tween 80 emulsifier (35 gr-45 gr) and PEG 400 co-emulsifier (14 gr-24 gr). A conventional turmeric cream was also made as a comparison. The resulting nanoemulsion had a particle size between 138.20 and 287.37 nm. The evaluation of the nanoemulsion cream showed values in accordance with topical preparation standards with a p-value <0.05 for each evaluation result, where the pH was 4.32-4.87 (4.5-6.5), viscosity values of 3638–8954 cPs (2000–50000 cPs), spreadability values of 4.32–4.87 (5–7 cm), and adhesion values of 31.59–97.00 seconds (>1 second). In the Freeze and Thaw stability test, all four formulas showed good stability. The results of the release test using the Franz Diffusion Cell showed the highest cumulative curcumin content in F1 (14.2457 µg/cm2) and the lowest in FAB (2.3799 µg/cm2). The penetration rate (flux) showed the highest flux value in F1 (7.1218 µg/cm2.hour-1) and the lowest flux value in FAB (1.1900 µg/cm2.hour-1). Compared to conventional turmeric cream, the results show that the formulation with a nanoemulsion system produces a good cream with good stability and more stable and controlled penetration of the curcumin. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| antibacterial; cream; Curcuma domestica V; curcumin; nanoemulsion | ||
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