Formulation and Evaluation of Anti-Acne Cream Containing Manilkara zapota (L.) van Royen Trunk Bark Extract: Physical Stability, Irritation Potential, and Microbial Contamination Assessment | ||
| Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences Assiut University | ||
| Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 18 November 2025 | ||
| Document Type: Review Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/bfsa.2025.436459.2875 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Ismail Ismail1; Maria Ulfa* 1; Sitti Rahimah2; Syamsu Nur3; Michrun Nisa1; Tuti Handayani Zainal1; Firwana Firman1; Qarina Farah Anggraeni2 | ||
| 1Departemen of Pharmaceutical, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Almarisah Madani, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, 90245 | ||
| 2Departemen of pharmacology and clinical pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Almarisah Madani, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, 90245 | ||
| 3Departemen of Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Almarisah Madani, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, 90245 | ||
| Abstract | ||
| This study developed and evaluated an anti-acne cream formulated with 0.5% bark extract of Manilkara zapota (L.) van Royen, known to contain flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and tannins with antibacterial properties. Among three formulations containing triethanolamine (TEA) at 2%, 3%, and 4%, Formula F2 (3% TEA) demonstrated the most favorable characteristics, showing excellent physical stability, microbial safety, and strong antibacterial activity. F2 exhibited smooth homogeneity without clumping, spreadability of 4.63–5.30 cm, and viscosity of 38,000 ± 4.0 cps—values within the optimal range for topical creams. Microbial tests confirmed total plate and yeast–mould counts below 10³ CFU/g, satisfying safety standards, while the Draize irritation test produced a mild irritation index of 1.7. Antibacterial assays revealed inhibition zones of 25.42 ± 0.2 mm against Propionibacterium acnes and 25.12 ± 0.1 mm against Staphylococcus aureus, comparable to clindamycin gel. These findings highlight F2 as a stable, safe, and effective anti-acne formulation, supporting Manilkara zapota bark extract as a promising natural alternative to conventional treatments with minimal side effects and strong antimicrobial potential. Keywords: Manilkara zapota (L.) van Royen, anti-acne cream, formulation, microbial safety, irritation test | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Cream formulation; anti-acne; Manilkara zapota (L.) Van Royen; Microbial contamination and irritation tests | ||
|
Statistics Article View: 4 |
||
