Impact of Geographical and Environmental Factors on Chemical Compositions of Goniothalamus macrophyllus in Indonesia | ||
| Egyptian Journal of Botany | ||
| Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 18 November 2025 | ||
| Document Type: Regular issue (Original Article) | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/ejbo.2025.377573.3273 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Ilham Adhya* 1; Yayan Hendrayana2; Novi Satriapradja3; Toto Supartono2; Nina Herlina1; Dede Kosasih2; Fahrul Shobarudin Syahban2; Mardiatul Fauzian2 | ||
| 1Environmental Science Study Program, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Kuningan University, Indonesia | ||
| 2Forestry Study Program, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Kuningan University, Indonesia | ||
| 3Economic Education Study Program, Postgraduate Program, Kuningan University, Indonesia | ||
| Abstract | ||
| This study aims to explore the impact of environmental and geographical factors on the production and composition of chemical compounds in Goniothalamus macrophyllus, a plant with potential anti-cancer properties. The relationship between temperature, humidity, soil characteristics, elevation, and the effects on essential oil composition of Goniothalamus macrophyllus was analyzed in Mount Tilu forest area, West Java, Indonesia. Samples were collected from leaves and flowers at various elevations ranging from 400 to 1,100 meters above sea level, and chemical composition was examined using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). At each elevation where the plant was found, soil samples were analyzed to obtain data on chemical properties, including C-Org, N-Total, C/N ratio, available P₂O₅, potential K₂O, and exchangeable cations (K⁺, Na⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺). Data on physical soil properties, such as soil texture and pH, were also examined at ICBB PT. The results showed that there were significant correlations between environmental factors and specific chemical compounds. For instance, (E)-9-octadecenoic acid ethyl ester showed a positive correlation with temperature. Phytol was reported to have a positive association with sodium content in soil, while neophytadiene had a negative relationship with humidity. This suggested that elevation, temperature, and soil properties significantly influenced the chemical profile of Goniothalamus macrophyllus. The results enhance the understanding of natural compound variability and show the importance of ecological context in optimizing the pharmacological potential of medicinal plants. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Chemical compounds; Elevation influence; Environmental factors; Medicinal plants; Goniothalamus macrophyllus | ||
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