Evaluation of Emamectin benzoate-ligand nano-chitosan potencies on fall armyworm and human PBMCs Cells (in vitro assay) | ||
| Egyptian Journal of Chemistry | ||
| Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 19 November 2025 | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/ejchem.2025.422836.12369 | ||
| Authors | ||
| khaled Yassen Abdel-Halim* 1; Shaimaa Mohamed Mahdi2; khaled Yehia Farroh3 | ||
| 1Mammelian and aquatic toxicology department Central Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Dokki, Giza, Egypt. | ||
| 2Bioassay, Central Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory (CAPL), Agricultural Centre Research (ARC), Dokki, Giza, Egypt. | ||
| 3Nanotechnology and Advanced Material Central Lab., Agric. Res. Center, Egypt. | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) has developed resistance to multiple synthetic insecticides, which necessitates alternative control strategies. Emamectin benzoate (EMB) is an effective insecticide, but its integration with nanotechnology-specifically chitosan-based nano-formulations may enhance its efficacy and reduce adverse effects on non-target organisms. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) verified the stability, uniformity, and spherical shape of the nanoparticles, which were characterized by a small particle size (21 nm) and a positive zeta potential (+19.1 mV). This study evaluates and compares the impact of EMB and EMB-chitosan nanocomposite (Cs-EMB NC) on second instar larvae of S. frugiperda. The median lethal concentration (LC50) of EMB and Cs-EMB NC were 0.029 and 0.0076 ppm, respectively. Cs-EMB NC significantly enhanced insecticidal activity at all life stages, delayed development, and reduced fecundity. When these compounds were tested for human cell toxicity to obtain their biosafety on humans, EMB was more potent than Cs-EMB NC. The median inhibited concentration (IC50) values were 0.0028 ppm for EMB and 6.323 ppm for Cs-EMB NC after 48 hr. Sub-lethal concentration (1/2 IC50) was utilized to assess various biomarkers in the lysate of human PBMCs cells. An increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) level and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity were obtained compared to the control. There was a decrease in the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Notably, the results for the Cs-EMB NC were closer to the control than those for EMB alone. These findings highlight the potential of nano-Cs formulations for safer and more sustainable pest management. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Emamectin benzoate; chitosan nanocomposite; Spodoptera frugiperda; biological effects; in vitro assay; biochemical effects; integrated pest management | ||
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