النصوص الموهمة للتشبيه عند تلميذ الشيخ الأشعري المباشر (الإمام أبي الحسن علي بن محمد بن مهدي الطبري ت:380هـ) دراسة تحليلية نقدية. Texts that Illusion of Resemblance by the Direct Student of Sheikh al-Ash'ari (Imam Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Mahdi al-Tabari, d. 380 AH) - Presentation and Critique | ||
| الدراية | ||
| Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 01 October 2025 PDF (1.97 M) | ||
| Document Type: المقالة الأصلية | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/drya.2025.466542 | ||
| Author | ||
| محمود محمد عويس أحمد* | ||
| قسم العقيدة والفلسفة بكلية أصول الدين بالقاهرة، جامعة الأزهر الشريف، بمصر. | ||
| Abstract | ||
| إن هذا البحث في بيان عقيدة الإمام ابن مهدي الطبري في النصوص الموهمة للتشبيه، والذي يعد من تلامذة الشيخ الأشعري المباشرين، فقد نقل عنه عقيدته التي قررها في حياته وتوفي عليها، ومضمونها توحيد الله تعالى وتنزيهه عن مشابهة المخلوقين، وعن التحيز في الجهة والمكان، وعن الأعضاء والجوارح، وصرف النصوص الشرعية المتشابهة عن ظاهرها الحسي الجسمي، وكان من أهم دوافع اختياري لهذا البحث هو الإجابة عن سؤالين مهمين وهما: لماذا النصوص المتشابهة؟ ولماذا الإمام ابن مهدي الطبري؟ فقد اخترت هذا الموضوع؛ لكثرة النقاش والحوار فيه، واخترت ابن مهدي؛ لأنه كان من تلاميذ الشيخ الأشعري المباشرين، وكان عالمًا موسوعيًّا. وقد جاء البحث في: مقدمة، ومبحثين، وخاتمة. أما المقدّمة: فضمّنتُها دوافع اختياري لهذا البحث، والمنهج المتبع فيه. وأما المبحثان: فأولهما: في تنزيه الله تعالى عن التجسيم والتشبيه عند الطبري. وثانيهما: في تأويل الآيات والأحاديث التي يوهم ظاهرها تشبيه الله تعالى بخلقه. وأما الخاتمة: فجعلتها للنتائج التي انتهى إليها البحث. • منهج البحث: المنهج الاستقرائي: في تتبع رأي ابن مهدي في قضية التأويل. والمنهج الوصفي التحليلي: في جانب العرض والتحليل لرأيه. والمنهج النقدي: في مناقشة آراء العلماء في هذه المسألة. أهم النتائج: ضرورة نفي التشبيه عن الله عند الإمام الطبري؛ لمخالفته تعالى للحوادث. وأن الطبري قد استخدم التأويل التفصيلي لبعض النصوص الموهمة للتشبيه بما يليق بذاته تعالى، مثل تأويله الاستواء بالاعتلاء. وأنه استخدم التفويض (التأويل الإجمالي) في بعض النصوص مع نفي المعاني المحالة، مثل اليد، فلم يرجع تفسيرها إلى غير إطلاق اللفظ بها، كما جاء عن الله سبحانه. Abstract: This research examines the doctrine of Imam Ibn Mahdi al-Tabari regarding texts that suggest anthropomorphism. Al-Tabari was one of Sheikh al-Ash'ari's direct students, having transmitted from him the doctrine he established during his lifetime and upon which he died. Its content is the oneness of God Almighty and His transcendence from resembling created beings, from bias in direction and place, and from limbs and organs, and diverting the ambiguous legal texts from their physical, sensory appearance. One of the most important motives for my choosing this research was to answer two important questions. They are: Why the ambiguous texts? And why Imam Ibn Mahdi al-Tabari? I chose this topic because of the extensive discussion and debate surrounding it. I also chose Ibn Mahdi because he was one of Sheikh al-Ash'ari's direct students and a prolific scholar. The research consists of an introduction, two chapters, and a conclusion. As for the introduction, I included the motivations for choosing this research and the methodology followed. As for the two sections, the first deals with al-Tabari's exoneration of God Almighty from anthropomorphism and likening. The second deals with the interpretation of verses and hadiths whose apparent meaning suggests likening God Almighty to His creation. As for the conclusion, I devoted it to the results reached by the research. Research Methodology: The inductive approach: To examine Ibn Mahdi's view on the issue of interpretation. The descriptive-analytical approach: To present and analyze his view. The critical approach: To discuss the views of scholars on this issue. Main Results: Imam al-Tabari's necessity to deny anthropomorphism of God, given His transcendence of creation Al-Tabari employed a detailed interpretation of some texts that suggest anthropomorphism, such as his interpretation of istiwa' (transcendence) as ascending. He also employed delegation (general interpretation) in some texts, denying improbable meanings, such as the hand. He did not refer their interpretation to anything other than the generality of the word, as it was reported from God Almighty. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| الطبري; النصوص الموهمة للتشبيه; التأويل. Al-Tabari; Texts that suggest anthropomorphism; Interpretation | ||
| References | ||
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فهرس المصادر والمراجع:
أصول الدين, لجمال الدين أحمد بن محمد الغزنوي الحنفي , تحقيق: د/ عمر وفيق, الناشر: دار البشائر الإسلامية.
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