A Review for undulant fever disease and some cases of expression as hemorrhagic fever | ||
| Microbes and Infectious Diseases | ||
| Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 20 November 2025 | ||
| Document Type: Review Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/mid.2025.432038.3324 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Sinan Q. Khayoon1; Khitam Fadhil Abbas* 2; Angham Najah Alkhafaji3; Dhuhah H. Abdul-Jawad4, 5; sama safa Alkhalaf6; Alia E. Bashbosh2; Zainab J. Hadi2; Layla S. Abdul-Hassan7 | ||
| 1Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq. | ||
| 2Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Midicine , University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq. | ||
| 3Kufa Technical Institute/ Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, Community Health Department, Alnajaf-Iraq. | ||
| 4Faculty of Medicine, University of Kufa, Iraq | ||
| 5Medical Laboratory, Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf 54001, Iraq. | ||
| 6Department of pathological analyses, Faculty of Science, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq. medical analysis , faculty of science , university of Kufa , Najaf , Iraq | ||
| 7Community Health Department, College of Health and Medical Techniques/Kufa/Al-Forat Al-Awsat Technical University, Najaf, Iraq | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Background: Human undulant fever is a frequent zoonotic infection in several regions, particularly rural areas. It still presents nonspecific symptoms, signs, and many atypical appearances that often cause clinicians and scientists challenges in diagnostic, such as appreciative of disease severity markers, progression, and response for treatment, and advance of enhanced treatment regimens. The study found critical antimicrobial resistance in Brucella spp., chiefly to frequently used antibiotics such as chloramphenicol and kanamycin, which challenges the efficacy of brucellosis treatment. Continuation of Undulant fever for two months or more, forming a chronic infection and affecting many parts of the body. The aim of this review to study diagnosis and treatment of Undulant fever, and awareness of many atypical presentations could aid in quickly detecting Undulant fever and treatment, emphasizing the importance of providing a broad differential diagnosis for individuals with fever alongside hemorrhagic manifestations. That highlights the significance of regarding Undulant fever as an achievable cause to confirm well-timed diagnosis and suitable treatment. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Key words: Antimicrobial susceptibilities; brucellosis; hemorrhagic fever; Undulant fever | ||
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