QUANTITIVE DETERMINATION OF COCHINEAL EXTRACT (Adctylopius coccus),CARMINE,CARMINIC ACID AND 4-AMINOCARMINIC ACID ( E120) IN SOME FOOD- STUFFS. | ||||
| Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Biotechnology | ||||
| Article 4, Volume 6, Issue 6, June 2015, Page 177-190 PDF (573.02 K) | ||||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/jacb.2015.48399 | ||||
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| Author | ||||
| Manal Atwa | ||||
| Regi. Center for Food & Feed Agric. Res. Center | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| Carmines and carminic acid are red food colors (E 120) can be classified as natural colors; obtained from alcoholic extracts of cochineal, which consists since they are of dried bodies of the female insect D. coccus costa. In the present investigation a detection of carmine, carminic acid and 4-aminocarminic acid in the studied samples of red colored beverages containing E120 as ingredient or in unlabeled samples has been used. The study has been applied for the analysis of around 140 food and beverages samples in red colored beverages classified in more than 25 categories; containing or May containing E120 as ingredient. There were around 29.5% unlabeled of the total samples. The ratio of detected samples were 55.4% from the total examined samples given 77 samples contained carmine , carminic acid and 4-aminocarminic acid. 13% of the detected samples contained 4-aminocarminic acid. Results of this study proved and revealed alarming illegal presence of 4-aminocarminic acid in E120-labelled colorants. A mislabeling are documented from many commercial products, and varied widely in dye content. Carmine , carminic acid and 4-aminocarminic acid were not detected in cocoa ,coffee processed cheese, chocolate , canned fruits and vegetables products; but presented in 54.5% and 32.5% of the studied samples respectively, Also 60% of the labeled investigated samples no mention of the adding of these dyes .They use only sentence "Natural colors added" or "No artificial colors "and on the rest of labeled samples 40% it was mentioned on label ether E120,cochinela extract or carmines without any mention for levels of adding. Half samples of the fresh juices were contained the different types of dyes. The highest value of carminic acid detected was found in one fresh juice sample giving 3670 ppm.In one sample of flavored tea the carmine was detected in level 35 ppm. Dye concentration in 4 samples of seasoning salad dressing was 43ppm and 182 ppm for carmine and carminic acid, respectively and no 4-aminocarminic acid was detected. The fish products category include red colored the level of detected carmines was ranged from 16 -290 ppm in two caviar samples, however, no dye detected in salmon. In seven meat products samples include minced meat, burger, and sausages four samples contained carminic acid level ranged from 98 to 1020 ppm while one sample contained 67 ppm carmine. In flavored dairy products and soya milk, it was found that one sample of soya milk contained 18 ppm as carmine .While the carminic acid was ranged from 26 to 1020 ppm on the other samples include yoghurt and processed milk. In one sample of three soup powder samples carmine dye was detected in level of 21 mg/kg. The value of carminic acid in one concentrated syrup sample was 1440 ppm. However, in four of seven samples confectionery products collected from bakery and dessert stores was ranged from 39 to 900 ppm for carminic acid and from 1400 to 1087 ppm for carmine. The highest level of carmine detected in cake sample was 2070 ppm; followed by the value of 1810 ppm in sweet category in chilled sweet drink sample .The cakes samples also contained ratio of carminic acid from 100 up to 980 ppm. Moreover, some samples of candy, gums, jelly sweet, marshmallow, toffee, liqueur and filling cream of biscuits contained carmine in values ranged from 43 to 1750 ppm as a carminic acid and ranged from 40 to 1810 ppm as carmine ;Aminocarminic acid was detected in one sample in this category. Instant flavored drink powdered was also found to be containing carminic acid level of value ranged from 120-477 ppm and one sample contained amino carminic acid. In the frozen ice cream level of carminic acid was ranged from 400-1340 ppm and from 360 to 1680 ppm in powder. Also, carmine values of 80 ppm and 160 ppm were determined for frozen and powder samples respectively. However, aminocarminic acid was detected in one of frozen ice cream samples. Presence of aminocarminic acid content was confirmed in one sample of jam, fruits jelly powder and tomato sauce. Carmine dye detected in one sample of pickles salty syrup given value of 68 ppm. In some carmines free samples, other colors such as Carmoisine , Allure red, Ponceau 4R, Indigotine and Red 2G were detected .However, instant flavored drink powder, red pepper paste ,fruits milk powder ,milk check powder, ketchup, tomato sauce and fruit jam were proved to be free of carmine dye. This study proved that the identification of 4-aminocarminic acid in food colors labelled was either E120 or not labelled at all. Analysis results of beverages and food samples showed the widespread presence of this semi-synthetic carmine acid derivative, which is not permitted by law in food industry, with unknown effects on human health. These studies have to be continued in the future to investigate more colors and additives. | ||||
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