Weanling Rabbit Mortalities Caused by Enteropathogenic Bacteria: Bacteriological and Pathological Investigation | ||||
| Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences | ||||
| Article 4, Volume 4, Issue 1, April 2019, Page 18-29 PDF (922.99 K) | ||||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/javs.2019.63464 | ||||
 View on SCiNiTO | ||||
| Authors | ||||
Fatma M. Mohamed1; Abeer H.M. El Hendy2; Mona A. El Shehedi  3
| ||||
| 1Dept. of Poultry Diseases, Animal Health Research Institute, Regional Laboratory, Assiut, Egypt. | ||||
| 2Pathology Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Regional Laboratory, Assiut, Egypt | ||||
| 3Serology Unit and Bacterial Strains Bank, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, Egypt | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| Samples of internal organs (liver, heart, spleen, kidney and intestinal contents) were aseptically collected from 120 freshly died newly weanling rabbits and subjected to isolation and identification of the causative bacterial pathogens. The causative pathogens were isolated and identified biochemically. E.coli and Salmonella (the major associated pathogens) were typed serologically and tested for antimicrobial agents. The bacterial infection prevalence rate was Escherichia coli (56.6%), Salmonella spp. (27.5%), Enterobacter spp. (7.5%), Citrobacter spp. (5%) and Proteus spp. (3.3%). Out of the 68 infections with E.coli, 30 were serotyped as O125 (ten), O127 (six), O128 (five), O86 (five) and untyped (four). Out of the 33 Salmonella infections, seven were serotyped as serovar S. goldcoast (four) and serovars S. magherafelt (three). E.coli serogroups were resistant to the majority of used antimicrobial and were sensitive only to Sulphamethazole. Both Salmonella serovars were sensitive to most antimicrobial used in this study but they were resistant to amoxicillin. Both infected rabbit groups with E.coli and Salmonella demonstrated obvious histopathological alterations in the intestine, liver and spleen. Both E.coli (O86) and Salmonella goldcoast were used for experimental infection of weanling rabbits (6-8 weeks). Five days post-infection and after observation of the clinical symptoms, animals were sacrificed and tissue samples from the intestine, liver, kidney and spleen were examined histopathologically.Utmost care must be taken around the time of weaning in rabbits. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| Antibiogram; Citrobacter spp; E.coli; mortality; Rabbit; Salmonella | ||||
| References | ||||
|
ABBAS H.H.A. .2002. Studies on bacterial diseases causing pneumonia in rabbits .Master Thesis, Zagazig University, Egypt.
ABD EL AZEEM, A. M. .1995. Mortalities in suckling rabbits with special reference to microbial agents Master Thesis, Zagazig University, Egypt.
ABD EL GWAD, A. T. M. .1988. Some studies on Enterobacteriaceae in rabbits .Master Thesis, Assiut University, Egypt.
AGNOLETTI F, BRUNETTA R, BANO L, DRINGO I AND MAZZOLINI E .2018. Longitudinal study on antimicrobial consumption and resistance in rabbit farming: International Journal of Antimicrobial agents 51.pp 197-205.
ALAA N. L.; KHALID M. H. AND AHMED J. M. .2018.Clinical and pathological study of rabbits experimentally infected with E. coli O157: H7 isolated from human: Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 6:1.pp 1487-1492.
ASSAN, N. .2017.The essence of weaning age and its significance on performance, mortality, carcass and meat quality properties in rabbits: Agricultural Advances 6(11): 436-443.
BEKHEET AA..1983.Some studies on bacteria causing mortalities on rabbits with special reference of E. coli infection .Master Thesis, Zagazig University, Egypt.
BANCROFT, J.D. AND GAMBL, M. .2008.Theory and practice of histological techniques 5th ed., Churchill Livingstone. New York, Londone, Philadelphia.
BORRELLI L., FIORETTI A., RUGGIERO V, SANTANIELLO A., CRINGOLI G, RICCI A., BARCO L, MENNA L.F., DIPINETO L. .2011. Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 in Farmed Rabbits.J. Vet. Med. Sci.73 : 385–387.
BRADLEY D. J.; NAFISA, G. AND STANLEY F. .1994.Salmonella Typhimurium Initiates Murine Infection by Penetrating and Destroying the Specialized Epithelial M Cells of the Peyer's Patches.The Journal of Experimental Medicine, 180: 15-23
CAMGUILHEM, R., LEBAS, F. AND LABIE.C..1986. Reproduction expérimentale chez le lapin en engraissementd'unediarrhé eprovoquée par unesouched' Escherichia coli de sérogroupe 0103. Ann.Rech. Vet. 17:409-424.
CAMARDA, A., PUPILLO, A., PUGLIESE, N., CIRCELLA, E., DIONISI, A. M., RICCI, A. .2013. Phenotypic and genetic traits of Salmonella Enterica subsp. Serovar Typhimurium strains causing Salmonellosis foci in rabbit farms from Southern Italy in 1999-2003. Res. Vet. Sci. 94: 394–398.
CHRISTIAN, R. AND CHRIS, W..2002. Lipopolysaccharide endotoxin, Annul. Review.Biochem. 71:635-700.
CLSI. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing ; Twenty-First Informational Supplement; Vol. 31 No. 1. Document M100-S24. Wayne, PA CLSI. 2011.
COUSSEMENT, W. DUCATELLE, R. CHARLIER, G. OKERMAN, L. AND HOOREN, J. .1984. Pathology of experimental colibacillosis in rabbits. Zbl. Vet. Med. B, 31: 64-72.
CROXEN MA, FINLAY BB. .2010.Molecular mechanisms of Escherichia coli pathogenicity. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 8:26–38.
DEWRÉE R.; MEULEMANS L.; LASSENCE C.; DESMECHT D.; DUCATELLE R.; MAST J.; LICOIS D.; VINDEVOGEL H. AND MARLIER D..2007.Experimentally induced epizootic rabbit enteropathy: clinical, histopathological, ultrastructural, bacteriological and haematological, findings.World Rabbit Sci., 15: 91–102.
EL BAKREY RM. .2009.Some studies on bacterial diseases of rabbits .Master Thesis, Zagazig University, Egypt.
EID, A. A. M. AND IBRAHEEM, O. K. .2006. Sudden death among rabbits in Sharkia Province, Egypt. Zagazig Vet. J. 34:108-119.
EUCAST . 2016. The European committee on Antimicrobial susceptibility testing, European Society of clinical microbiology and infectious diseases Breakpoint tables for interpretation of MICS and Zone diameter Version 6.
ERAQI ,M.M.A.. 2006. Bacterial agents associated with enteric affection in rabbitries. .Master Thesis, Kafr El-Sheikh Univ, Egypt.
EWING WH, EDWARD`S AND EWING`S .1986. Identification of Enterobacteriaceae 4th Ed. Elsevier Science New York. FEDERIGHI,M. ; REYNAUD, A.; LICOIS, D.; GUILLOT, J.F.; JOLY, B. AND GAILLARD, B. .1989. Role d'un plasmide de virulence autotrans-ferable chez des souchesd' Escherichia coli 0103 enteropatho-genes pour le lapin, p.96. InProceedings of the 2nd Congress of the Societe Franqaise de Microbiologie, September 1989, Strasbourg, France.Societe Frangaise de Microbiologie, Paris.
GIANNELLA, R. A.; FORMAL, S. B.; DAMMIN, G. J. AND COLLINS, H. .1973.Pathogenesis of Salmonellosis: Studies of fluid secretion, mucosal invasion, and morphologic reaction in the rabbit ileum. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 52: 441-453
GRIMONT P. A.D. AND WEILL F-X .2007. Antigenic formulae of the Salmonella serovars; 9th Edition. WHO; WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Salmonella. GUERDER, F. .2001. Résultats de GTE Renalap.Cuniculture 28: 171-175.
HASSAN SA, ABD AL AZEEM MW. .2009. Determination of virulence gene markers and antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from rabbit in Egypt. Glob. Vet. 3:260-267.
IBRAHEEM, O. K. .1999. Some pathological causes of diarrhea in rabbits. Zagazig Vet J. 27:92-101.
ISO 6579.. 2017. Microbiology of the food chain-horizontal method for the detection, enumeration and serotyping of Salmonella, Part 1: Detection of Salmonella spp. International Standard; ISO 6579-1.
JOSEPH, E. P. .1993.Pathogenetic mechanism of septic shock. England Journal Medicine. 328:1471-1478.
KEENAN, K.P.; SLIARPNACK, D.D.; COLLINS, H.; FORMAL, S.B. AND O'BRIEN, A.D. .1986.Morphologic evaluation of the effects of Shiga toxin and Escherichia coli Shiga-like toxin on the rabbit intestine. American Journal of Pathology; 125:69-80.
KONEMAN, E.W.; ALLEN, S.D.J AND SCHRECKEN BERGER, P.C., AND WINN, W.C. .1997. The Enterobacteriaece. In: Color Atlas and Textbook of Diagnostic.Microbiology.5thEd.,JB Lippincott Co., Philadelphia, pp:171-239.
KYLIE, J. MCEWEN SA, BOERLIN P, REID-SMITH RJ, WEESE JS AND TURNER PV. .2017. Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in fecal Escherichia coli and Salmonella Enterica in Canadian commercial meat, companion, laboratory, and shelter rabbits (Oryctolaguscuniculus) and its association with routine antimicrobial use in commercial meat rabbits. J. prevet. Med.;147: 53-57.
MIJOVIC G, ANDRIC B, TERZIC D, LOPICIC M, DUPANOVIC B. .2012. Antibiotic susceptibility of Salmonella spp.: a comparison of two surveys with a 5 years interval. JofIMAB; 18, book 1: 216-219.
MILON, A.; OSWALD, E. AND DE RYCK, E.T. .1999. Rabbits EPEC: a model for the study of the enteropathogenic E.coli.Vet.Res.30:203-219.
MOHAMMED HA, EID A.A.M. AND EL-BAKREY R.M.M. .2013. A review of rabbit diseases in Egypt. WARTAZOA.23: 185-194.
MOSTAFA ,T.H.;TORKY,H.A.; AKEILA,M.A.; SAMIA,M.K.;HASSAN,H.B.;LAILA, A. AND AZAB,Y.R.A. .1993. Escherichia coli as a cause of enteritis in rabbits: effect of broth culture extract on cell culture .Vet.Med.J., Giza,Vol. 41(2):23-26.
MOURA, R. A,.; SIRCILI, M .P.; LEOMIL, L.; MATTÉ,M .H.; TRABULSI, L. R.; ELIAS, W.P.; IRINO, K. AND PESTANA DE CASTRO, A. F..2009. Clonal relationship among atypical enteropathogenic E. coli strains isolated from different animal species and humans. Appl. Environ. Microbiol.; 75(23):7399-7408.
NEWTON, H. J.; SLOAN, J.; BENNETT-WOOD, V.; ADAMS, L. M.; ROBINS-BROWNE, R. M. AND HARRTLAND, E. L. .2004. Contribution of long polar fimbriae to the virulence of rabbit-specific entropathogenic E. coli. Infect. Immun. 72 (3):1230-1239.
OBIKE, O.M., UGWUMBA, C.I., OMO, P.A. . 2014. Effect of age at weaning on growth performance and post-weaning survival rate of different rabbit genotypes in South-Eastern Agro-ecological zone of Nigeria. Glob. J. Anim. Sci. Res., 2(4), 389-395.
OKERMAN, L. .1987.Enteric infections caused by non-enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in animals: occurrence and pathogenicity mechanisms. A review. Vet. Microbiol. 14:33-46.
ONYEKABA O.C. 1985.Salmonella ochiogu: experimental infection of laboratory rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Laboratory Animals 19, 32-34.
OTARU, U.M.M,; NSEENGWA,G.R.N. AND WAGSTAFF,L. .1990. Animal Salmonellosis in Southern Tanzaniz .Bulletin of Animal Health an production of Africa, 38(2): 199-201.
PADHYE, V.V.; BEERY, J.T.; KITTEN, F.B. AND DOYLE, M.P. .1987. Colonic haemorrhage produced in mice by a unique Vero cell cytotoxic from an Escherichia coli strain that causes hemorrhagic (011115). Journal of Infectious Disease, 155:1249-1253.
PETROV, V.; LYUTSKANOV, M.; VACHKOV, A.; TSACHEV, I.; MIHAYLOV, G. AND TANCHEV, S. .2005. Experimental E.coli (EPEC) infection in rabbits – clinical and epidemiological studies and attempt to control with anphytobiotic. Trakia Journal of Sciences, 3( 2) 50-55.
RILEY, L.W..1987. File epidemiologic, clinical and microbiologic features of hemorrhagic colitis: Annual Review of Microbiology; 41:383-407.
SAAD, F. E. S. .1970. Studies on some infectious diseases of rabbits in UAR with special reference to E. coli infection and Pasteurellosis .Master Thesis, Cairo University, Egypt.
SAIF-EDIN, M., SOLIMAN, A. ALY M. .1994. Prevalence and pathogenicity of Enterobacteriaceae in rabbits:In: 2nd Scientific Conference Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Zagazig University, Zagazig University, Egypt. p. 94-99.
SHAHIN A M; LEBDAH MA. AND ALI GRM..2011. Escherichia coli as an etiological agent of mucoid enteropathy in rabbits: Researcher. 3: 8-16.
TADDEI, C.R.; FASONO,A.; FERREITA, A.J.;TRABLSI, L.R. AND MARTINES, .B. .2005.Secreted auto transportertoxin produced by diffusely adhering E.coli causes intestinal damage in animal model assays: FEMS. Microbiol. Lett. 250 (20):263-269.
TAKEUCHI, M.D. AND SPRINZ, H. .1967. Electron-microscope studies of experimental Salmonella infection in the preconditioned guinea pig. II. Response of the intestinal mucosa to the invasion by Salmonella Typhimurium: Amer. J. Path.,51 (1):137-161. | ||||
|
Statistics Article View: 417 PDF Download: 495 |
||||
