THREE INTEGRATED GAINS OF WIDE BANDWIDTH MULTI-PUMPING RAMAN OPTICAL AMPLIFIER: THE MAXIMUM FLATNESS | ||||
| Menoufia Journal of Electronic Engineering Research | ||||
| Article 1, Volume 16, Issue 2, July 2006, Page 1-14 | ||||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/mjeer.2006.64170 | ||||
 View on SCiNiTO | ||||
| Authors | ||||
| Moawad I. Moawad; Mahmoud M. A. Eid; Abd El-Naser A. Mohammed; Mahmoud M.A. Abd El-Whab | ||||
| Dept. of Electronic and Electrical Communication Eng., Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufya University, EGYPT | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| In the present paper, the performance of wide-bandwidth multi-pumping Raman optical amplifier employed in high-data rate and long-haul advanced optical communication systems has been investigated under different pumping and fiber conditions. Raman gain is designed as straight line-exponential decay form with small flat maximum gain. Three different gains are defined and investigated. Multi-pumping number of NR pumps of equal pumping powers and different pumping wavelengths of equal spacing are investigated. The pumps interactions are reduced under large channel spacing. A novel software program is designed to handle the amplifier bandwidth as a function of the controlling set of parameters. This broad bandwidth of maximum flatness is deeply analyzed. A wide range of the amplifier bandwidth of good flatness is obtained up to 278 nm. It is found that higher gains and wide flat bandwidth can obtained if either the relative refractive index difference, ∆ or NR or the shift in Raman pumping wavelength, δλR or both of them increase. Thus, the repeater spacing in long-haul transmission cables designed for ultrawide wavelength division multiplexing (UW-WDM) can be adjusted for the employed transmission channels. | ||||
| References | ||||
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