ESTIMATING ACTUAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AND WATER STRESS COEFFICIENT FOR GROUNDNUT CROP UNDER DIFFERENT SALT CONCENTRATIONS IN SANDY SOIL | ||||
| Misr Journal of Agricultural Engineering | ||||
| Article 7, Volume 28, Issue 3, July 2011, Page 662-685 PDF (648.05 K) | ||||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/mjae.2011.105007 | ||||
 View on SCiNiTO | ||||
| Authors | ||||
| M. A. Salama1; Y. A. Arafa2; M. E. Galal3; M. Abd El-Moniem1; R. W. El-Gendy1 | ||||
| 1Soil and Water Department, Nuclear Research Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Egypt. | ||||
| 2Agricultural Engineer Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Egypt. | ||||
| 3Soils Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Egypt. | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| Field experimental was conducted to study the influence of different irrigation water salinity levels on actual evapotranspiration, water stress coefficient, yield and water use efficiency for groundnut crop under trickle irrigation system in sandy soil located at 30o 24` N latitude, 31o 35` E longitude while the altitude is 20m above the sea level. Four irrigation water salinity levels were used; 2.4 (S1), 2.7 (S2), 3.3 (S3) and 4.4 (S4) dS m-1, beside a fresh water (FW) as a control (0.5 dS m-1). Cattle manure was added as a soil amendment as a rate of 48 m3 ha-1. Neutron moisture meter was used to determine soil moisture content and depilation through the soil depths of 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90cm. Soil moisture content of 15 cm soil depth was determined gravimetrically. The applied irrigation water was 700 mm/season based on 100 % of recommended crop water requirements according to FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper No.33. The obtained results showed that actual evapotranspiration (ETa) and water stress coefficient (Ks) were slightly deceased by increasing the salinity of irrigation water especially under S4 salinity treatment (4.4 dS m-1). Regarding the yield, water use efficiency (WUE) and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) of groundnut crop, the high salinity of irrigation water reduced both yield; WUE and IWUE. The yield of groundnut follows the order FW (3.89 ton ha-1) > S1 (2.19 ton ha-1) > S2 (1.63 ton ha-1) > S3 (1.54 ton ha-1) > S4 (1.19 ton ha-1). Concerning soil chemical properties; the salinity of irrigation water significantly increased soil (ECe). This increment was reached 6 fold of that found for soils irrigated with fresh water. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| Actual evapotranspiration; water stress coefficient; saline water; sandy soil; groundnut; WUE | ||||
| References | ||||
|
Abed Alrahman, N.M.; Shibli, R.A.; Ereifej, K.I. and Hindiyeh, M.Y., 2005. Influence of salinity on growth and physiology of in vitro grown cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Jordan J. Agric. Sci. 1, 93–106.
Allen, R.G.; Smith, M.; Perrier, A. and Pereira, L.S., 1998. Crop evapotranspiration, guidelines for computing crop water requirements. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 56. FAO, Rome, Italy.
ASAE standard (2002). Design and installation of microirrigation systems. ASAE EP405.1 Dec.01, pp. 903–907.
Ashraf, M. and Harris, P.J.C., 2004. Potential biochemical indicators of salinity tolerance in plants. Plant Sci. 166, 3–16.
Ayers, R.S. and Westcot D.W., 1985. Water quality for agriculture. Irrigation and Drainage Paper 29, Rev. 1. FAO, Rome, Italy.
Bhantana, P. and Lazarovitch, N., 2010. Evapotranspiration, crop coefficient and growth of two young pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) varieties under salt stress. Agric. Water Manage. 97, 715–722.
Cramer, R.G., 1997. Uptake and role of ions in salt tolerance. In: Jaiwal, P.K., Singh, R.P., Gulati, A. (Eds.), Strategies for improving salt tolerance in higher plants. Science Publishers Inc, India, pp. 55–86.
Doorenbos, J. and Kassam, A.H., 1979. Yield response to water. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 33, FAO, Rome, Italy.
Doorenbos, J. and Pruitt, W.O., 1977. Crop water requirements. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 24, (rev.) FAO, Rome, Italy.
Dudley, L.M.; Ben-Gal, A. and Shani, U., 2008. Influence of plant, soil and water on the leaching fraction. Vadose Zone J. 7, 420–425.
Er-Raki, S.; Chehbouni, A.; Guemouria, N.; Duchemin, B.; Ezzahar, J. and Hadria, R., 2007. Combining FAO-56 model and ground-based remote sensing to estimate water consumptions of wheat crops in a semi-arid region. Agric. Water Manage. 87, 41–54.
FAO, 2000. Global network on integrated soil management for sustainable use of salt-affected soils. http://www.fao.org/ag/AGL/agll/ spush/intro.html.
FAOSTAT, 2008. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAO Online Statistical Database, http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/ default.aspx#ancor.
Keller, J. and Karmeli, D., 1974. Trickle irrigation design parameters. Trans. of the ASAE 17(4): 678-684.
Klute, A., 1986. Methods of soil analysis. Part 1. Physical and mineralogical methods (2nd edition). American Society of Agronomy Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Karim, M.F., 1990. Growth, development and light interception of bambara groundnut (Vigna Substaranea L. Verdc.) and groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in relation to soil moisture. Msc Thesis, University of Nottingham.
Meloni, D.A.; Oliva, M.A.; Martinez, C.A. and Cambraia, J., 2003. Photosynthesis and activity of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and glutathione reductase in cotton under salt stress. Environ. Exp. Bot. 49, 69–76.
Munns, R., 2002. Comparative physiology of salt and water stress, Plant, Cell Environ., 25: 239-250.
Munns, R.; James, R.A. and Lauchli, A., 2006. Approaches to increasing the salt tolerance of wheat and other cereals. J. Exp. Bot. 57, 1025–1043.
Ntare, B.R.; Williams, J.H. and Dougbedji, F., 2001. Evaluation of groundnut genotypes for heat tolerance under yield conditions in a Sahelian environment using a simple physiological model for yield. The J. of Agric. Sci. 136(1): 81-88.
Page, A.L., 1982. Methods of soil analysis, part II. Chemical and microbiological properties. Am. Soc. Agron., Inc. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Inc. Madison, Wisconson, USA.
Phocaides, A., 2000. Technical handbook on pressurized irrigation techniques. FAO, Rome.
Ravindra, V.; Nautyal, P.C. and Joshi, Y.C., 1990. Physiological analysis of drought resistance and yield in groundnut. Tropical Agriculture 67:290-296
Payero, J.O.; Tarkalson, D.; Irmak, S.; Davison, D.R. and Petersen, L.J., 2008. Effect of irrigation amounts applied with subsurface drip irrigation on corn evapotranspiration, yield, water use efficiency, and dry matter production in a semiarid climate. Agric. Water Manage. 95, 895–908.
Smith, M., 1992. CROPWAT, a computer program for irrigation planning and management. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 46, FAO, Rome.
Taffouo, V.D.; Djiotie, N.L.; Kenne, M.; Ndongo Din; Priso, J.R.; Dibong, S. and Amougou Akoa, 2008. Effects on salt stress on physiological and agronomic characteristics of three tropical cucurbit species, J. Appl. Biosci., 10: 434-441.
Taffouo, V.D.; Kemdem Kouamou, J.; Tchiengue Ngalangue, L.M.; Nandjou Ndjeudji, B.A. and Amougou Akoa, 2009. Effects of salinity stress on growth, ions partitioning and yield of some cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) cultivars. Int. J. Bot., 5(2): 135-145.
Taffouo, V.D.; Wamba, F.O.; Youmbi, E.; Nono, G.N. and Amougou Akoa, 2010. Growth, yield, water status and ionic distribution response of three bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea L.) Verdc.) landraces grown under saline conditions. Int. J. Bot., 6(1): 53-58.
UN Population Division, 1994. World Population Prospects (Sustaining Water: An Update). The 1994 Revision. The United Nations, New York.
van Hoorn, J.W. and van Alphen, J.G., 1994. Salinity control. In: Ritzema, H.P. (Ed.), Drainage Principles and Applications. ILRI, Wageningen, The Netherlands, pp. 533–600.
White, D.A.; Turner, N.C. and Galbraith, J.H., 2000. Leaf water relations and stomatal behaviour of four allopatric Eucalyptus species planted in Mediterranean Southwestern Australia. Tree Physiol. 20, 1157–1165. | ||||
|
Statistics Article View: 104 PDF Download: 163 |
||||
