FILTERS AND EMITTERS PERFORMANCE UNDER TREATED WASTEWATER | ||||
| Misr Journal of Agricultural Engineering | ||||
| Article 19, Volume 26, Issue 2, April 2009, Page 886-904 PDF (393.84 K) | ||||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/mjae.2009.109755 | ||||
 View on SCiNiTO | ||||
| Authors | ||||
| M.T. El-Tantawy1; M.A. Matter1; Y. E. Arafa2 | ||||
| 1Ag. Eng. Res. Inst., Ag. Res. Center, MALR, Egypt. | ||||
| 2Ag. Eng. Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Egypt. | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| The experiment was carried out under open field conditions in sandy soil at Ismailia Wastewater Treatment Plant in “Sarapeum” to study the field performance under different quality of wastewater on different types of emitter's performance to irrigate woody trees. The filtration units consist of gravel filter followed by disk filter. The present study included twelve treatments which represented the combination between two treatments of wastewater (A) (with different organic and chemical concentrations), two emitters (B) (inline and online) and three times of operation (C) (0.0, 50.0 and 100 h). The measured data included organic mater such as BOD5 (mg/l) and TSS (mg/l) and chemical such as Ca++ and Mg++, partial and total clogging emitters percentage. The collected data were analyzed by using MSTATc program, in a split split plot design with three replications. The results show that on-line emitter is better than in-line emitters. In-line emitters were more sensitive to clogging than on-line in partial and total percentages of emitters clogging were found. A significant difference due to increasing concentration of wastewater organic materials such as BOD5 and TSS mg/l and some chemical analysis such as Calcium and Magnesium content . The gravel media filter followed by the disk filter gave better performance in T1 than T2 after 100 h of operation time respectively due to increasing for organic and chemical matters in the treated wastewater. The partial clogging percentages of gravel filter in T2 more than in T1 by ratios 14.6 % and in disk filter 11.3 %, and the mean discharge reduction percentages 4.3 % in gravel filter and 3.2 % in screen filter. Emitters emission uniformity percentage in T1 better than T2 especially in online and inline emitters and especially in on line emitters The highest mean manual operation and lowest back flushing operation was recorded in disk filters due to low concentration of BOD5 (mg/O2) and TSS (mg/l) in T1 compared with T2. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| Drip irrigation; Treated wastewater and Water quality | ||||
| References | ||||
|
Al-Jamal, M.S., Sammis, T.W., Mexal, J.G., Picchioni, G.A. and Zachritz, W.H., (2002). A growth-irrigation scheduling model for wastewater use in forest production. Agric. Water Manage. 56, p: 5 7–79.
ASAE Standards, (1996).Amer. Soc. Agric. Eng., St. Joseph, MI.:792-797.
Bahri, A., (1999). Agricultural reuse of wastewater and global water management. Water Sci. Technol. 40 4–5, p: 339–346.
-Barbagallo, S., Capra, A., Piccione, G., Scicolone, B., (2002). Drip irrigation using municipal wastewater. Emitter and filter tests. In: Proc. of the Quinta Conf. Cientifica Int. UNICA, Ciego de Avila, Cuba, p:102–116
Boswell, M. J. (1985). Design characteristics of line source drip tubes. Proc. of the 3rd Int. Drip/Trickle Irr. Cong. , Vol.1 Ca., USA. p: 306-312.
Braud, H.J and A.M. Soon (1980). Trickle irrigation design for improved application uniformity. ASAE and CSAE Mtg. on trickle (drip) irri., paper no. 79-2571 , Winnipeg, Canada.
Camp,C.R., E.J. Sadlerand W.J.Busscher, (1997). A comparison of uniformity measure for drip irrigation systems. Trans Am. Soc. of Ag.Eng.40 (4), 1013-1020.
Capra, A. and Scicolone, B., (1998). Water quality and distribution uniformity in rip/trickle irrigation systems. J. Agric. Eng. Res. 70, pp. 355–365
Capra, A. and Scicolone, B., (2004). Emitter and filter tests for wastewater reuse by drip irrigation. Agricultural Water Management Vol. 68, Issue 2 p: 135-149.
El-Berry A.M., M.T. El- Tantawy, A. I. Ghazy, and E. Wasef (2003) Use of foam Media for filtering heavy sediments water. Egypt .J. of Ag. Res.;81 (4) p:1931-1945
Friedler, E., (2001). Water reuse—an integral part of water resources management: Israel as a case study. Water Policy 3, p:29–39.
Keller, J., Bliesner, R.D., (1990). Sprinkle and Trickle Irrigation. AVI Book, New York, USA, p: 652.
Nakayama, F.S. and Bucks, D.A., (1991). Water quality in drip/trickle irrigation: a review. Irrig. Sci. 12 4, pp. 187–192.
Ravina, I. , E. Paz., Z. Sofer, A. Marcu, A. Shisha and G. Sagi (1992). Control of Emitter clogging in drip irrigation with reclaimed wastewater. Irrigation Science . Vol. 13, No 3 p: 12-21 | ||||
|
Statistics Article View: 120 PDF Download: 175 |
||||
