TOXICITY OF SUMI-ALPHA AND DURSBAN INSECTICIDES ON THE GROWTH VIABILITY, METABOLISM AND NITROGEN-FIXING CAPACITY OF TWO NOSTOC SPECIES. | ||||
Egyptian Journal of Phycology | ||||
Article 1, Volume 4, Issue 2, 2003, Page 113-130 PDF (459.33 K) | ||||
Document Type: Original Article | ||||
DOI: 10.21608/egyjs.2003.113476 | ||||
![]() | ||||
Author | ||||
Neveen Abdel-Raouf | ||||
Botany Dept., Fac. of Sci., Cairo Univ. (Beni-Suef Branch), Beni-Suef, Egypt. | ||||
Abstract | ||||
Two Nostoc species were used to study the toxic effects of two commonly used insecticides: sumi-alpha [(s)-α-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (s)-2- (4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyrate] and Dursban [O,O-diethyl-O-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-Pyridyl) phosphorothioate) ] to soil microflora. The heterocystic filamentous Nostoc minutum Desm. ex. Born. et Flah.& Nostoc puniforme Ag. ex. Born. et Flah. were exposed to different concentrations of sumi-alpha and dursban. Differential growth effects were observed on the two cyanobacterial species exposed to different insecticide concentrations. Selected parameters of the tested cyanobacteria (dry weight, Chl a, photosynthetic O2 evolution, total soluble sugars, nitrogenase activity, total soluble proteins, total lipids and fatty acid contents of the total lipids) were measured and examined. The data revealed a marked inhibitory effects in all measured parameters in both Nostoc species under different insecticides concentrations of sumi-alpha and dursban except the total lipids. This suggests a potential hazard of these insecticides on soil microflora and subsequently natural ecosystem. | ||||
Keywords | ||||
Cyanobacteria; Insecticide Toxicity; Sumi-alpha; Dursban | ||||
References | ||||
Abdel-Hafez, A.; Moawad, G.M.; EL-Gemeiy; H. M. and Rashad, A. M. (1996). Effect of some insecticides on Trichogramma evanescens westwood, Trichogrammatoidea bactrae nagaraja, and the hatchability of Pectinophora Gossypiella (Saund.) eggs. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 6: 1-5.
Allen, M. B. and Arnon, D. I. (1955). Studies on nitrogen-fixing blue-green algae, I. Growth and nitrogen fixation by Anabaena cylindrica Lemm. Plant Physiol., 30: 366-372.
Allen, M. M. (1968.) Simple conditions for growth of unicellular blue-green algae on plates. J.Phycol., 4: 1-4.
Ashton,F.M. and Crafts,A.S.(1981). Mode of action of herbicides. 2nd Ed. Wiley. New York , pp 525.
Awad, E. I. (1978). Effect of some pollutants on some fresh water planktonic organisms. Ph.D. Thesis, Fac. of Agriculture, CairoUniversity. Egypt.
Bartels, P. and Watson, C. (1978).Inhibition of carotenoid synthesis by fluridone and norflurazon. Weed Sci., 26: 198-203.
Batterton, J. C.; Boush, G. M. and Matsumura, F. (1971). Growth response of blue-green algae to aldrin, dieldein, edrin and other imetabolites. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 6:589-594.
Bligh, E. G. and Dyer, W. J. (1959). A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Can. J. Biochem. Physiol., 37: 911-917.
Bottomley, P. J. and Stewart, W. D. P. (1977). ATP and nitrogenase activity in nitrogen fixing heterocystous blue-green algae. New Phytol., 79: 625-638.
Campbell, W. R.; Evans, S. O. and Reed, S. C. (1976). Effects of glyphosate on chloroplast ultrastructure of quick grass mesophyll cells. Weed Sci., 24: 22-25.
Caux, P. Y. (1989). The effect and mode of action of Dowanol and a series of non-ionic Triton adjuvants on Lemma minor L. Ph.D. Thesis Dept. of Biology, Univ. of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.
Chang, T. P. (1979). Growth and acetylene reduction by Gloeotrichia echinulata (Smith) Richter in axenic culture Br. Phycol. J., 14: 207-210.
Duke, S. O.; Lydon, J.; Becerril, J. M.; Sherman, T. D.; Lehnen, L. P. and Matsumoto, H. (1991). Protoporphyrinogen oxidease-inhibiting herbicides. Weed Sci., 39: 465-473.
Egli, M. A.; Low, D.; White, K. R. and Howard, J. A. (1985). Effect of herbicides and herbicide anologe on (14C) leucine incorporation by suspension cultured Solanum nigrum cells. Pestic. Biochem-Physiol., 24: 112-118.
Fay, P.; Stewart, W. D. F.; Walsby, A. E. and Fogg, G. E. (1968). Is the heterocyst the site of nitrogen fixation in blue-green algae . Nature, Lond., 220: 810-812.
Fisher, N. S. (1977) On the differential sensitivity of estuarine and open ocean diatoms to exotic chemical stress. Am. Nat., 111:871-895.
Fogg, G. E. S. and Than-Tun (1960). Interrelations of photosynthesis and assimilation of elementary nitrogen in a blue-green algae. Proc. R. SOC. Lond. B., 163:111-127.
Grenier, G.; Marier, J. P. and Beaumont, G. (1979). Effects physiologiques de l’ atrazine à doses sublétales sur Lemna minor L. IV. Influence sur la compósition lipidique. Can. J. Bot., 57:1015-1020.
Ghosh, T. K. and Saha, K.C. (1988). Influence of carbofuran on the growth and nitrogen accretion by blue-green algae (cyanobacteria), Aulosira fertilissima. India Agric., 32 (3): 153-161.
Handel, E. V. (1968). Direct microdetermination of sucrose. Anal. Biochem., 22: 280-283.
Hughe’s, E. O.; Gorham, P.R. and Zehnder, A. (1958). Toxicity of a unialgal culture of Microcystis aeruginosa. Can. J. Microbiol., 4: 225-236.
Ibraheem, I. B. M. (2002). Hazard application of two common insecticides (Larvin and Sevin) on the growth, metabolic activity and nitrogen fixing capacity of Cyanobacteria. Egyptian J. of Phycol., 3: 104-115.
Kates, M. (1972). Techniques of lipidology: isolation, analysis and identification of lipids. In laboratory techniques in biochemistry and molecular biology. Vol. 3. Edited by T.S.Work and E. Work. Elsevier Science Publishing Co., Inc., New York., pp.393-465.
Kent, R.A. and Caux, P.Y. (1995).Sublethal effects of the insecticide fenitrothion on freshwater phytoplankton. Can. J. Bot., 73: 45-53.
Khalifa-Neveen, A. M. (1999). Assessment of the impact of environmental stresses on algae and their effect on the algal cellular macromolecules. Ph.D. Thesis, Fac. Sci., CairoUniv., Beni-Suef Branch, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
Kobbia, I. A. and El-Sharouny, H. M. (1983). The effect of 2,4-D on nitrogen fixing capacity of some blue-green algae. Egyptian Society of Applied Microbiology Proc. V Conf. Microbiol., Cairo, May 1983. Vol. II-Soils & Water Microbiol. Paper No. 50.
Kochert,G. (1978). Quantitation of the macromolecular components of microalgae. In J. A. Hellebust and J.S. Craigie, eds., Handbook of Phycological Methods: Physiological and Biochemical Methods. Cambridge Unive. Press, Cambridge, UK, pp.189-195.
Krinsky, N. I. (1967). The role of carotenoid pigments as protective agents against photosynthesized oxidation in chloroplasts In: Biochemistry of chloroplast. (Goodwine, T. W. ed.), Vol. I, Acadimic Press, New York, pp. 421-430.
Kunert, K. J. and Boger, P. (1981). The bleaching effect of the diphenylether oxyfluorfen. Weed Sci., 29: 169-173.
Lowery, O. H.; Rosebrought, N.J.; Furr, A. and Randall, R. J. (1951). Protein measurement with folin phenol reagent . J. Biol. Chem., 193 : 265-275.
Metcalfe, L. D.; Schmitz, A. A., and Pelka, J. R. (1966). Rapid preparation of fatty acid esters from lipids for gas chromatographic analysis. Anal. Chem., 38: 514-515.
Metzener, H.; Rav, H. and Senger, H. (1965). Untersuchungen Zur Synchronisier-barkeit einzelner pigment. Mangol-mutanten von Chlorella. Planta, 65: 186-194.
Monapatra, P.K. and Mohanty, R.C. (1993). Comparative toxicity of two pesticides to a green alga Chlorella vulgaris . Acta Botanica Hungarica., 38 (1-4): 257-272.
Nikolenko, A. G. and Amirkhanov, D.V. (1993). Comparative hazardousness of various types of insecticides to soil algae. Eurasian Soil Science, 25(8): 103-110.
Ono, T. A. and Murata, N.(1981). Chilling susceptibility of the blue-green alga Anacystis nidulans. Plant Physiology, 67: 176-181.
Prescott, G. W. (1951). Algae of the WesternGreenLakes area. Exclusive of desmids and diatoms. Bull. No. 31, Cranbrook Inst. of Sci.
Prescott, G. W. ( 1969). The algae. A review. Michigan State Univ., Butler & Tanner Ltd, Frome and London.
Prescott, G. W. (1978). How to know the freshwater algae. 3rd Ed. Wm. C. Brown Company Publishers. USA.
Ricotta, J. A. and Masiunas, J. B. (1992). Acifluorfen tolerance in Lycopersicon. Weed Sci., 40: 413-417.
Roger, P. A.; Ardales, T. S. and Watanabe, I. (1986). Chemical composition of cultures and natural samples of N2-fixing blue-green algae from rice fields. Biol Fertil Soils., 7: 131-146.
Shifrin, N. S. and Chisholm, S. (1981). Phytoplankton lipids : Interspecific differences and effects of nitrate, silicate and light dark cycles. J. Phycol., 17 : 374 – 384.
Sicko-Goad, L.; Hall, J.; Lazinski, D. and Simmons, M. S. (1989).Effects of chlorinated benzenes on diatom fatty acid composition and quantitative morphology. II. 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 18: 629-637.
Singh, P. K. (1973). Effect of pesticides on blue-green algae. Arch. Mikrobiol., 89: 317-320.
Singh, P. K. (1974). Algicidal effect of 2,4-D on blue-green alga Cylindrospermum sp. Arch. Mikrobiol., 97: 73-80.
Singh, R. K.; Singh, B. D. and Singh, H. N. (1983). Inhibition of photosystem II of nitrogen-fixing blue-green alga Nostoc linckia by the rice- field herbicide benthiocarb. Z. Allg. Mikrobiol., 23: 435-441.
Stewart, W. D.P.; Fitzgerald, G.P. and Burris, R.H. (1971). In situ studies on N2 – fixation using the acetylene reduction technique. Proc. Natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 58:2071-2078.
Wolk, C. P. (1968). Movement of carbon from vegetative cells to heterocysts in Anabaena cylindrica. J. Bact., 96: 2138-2143.
Yemm, E. W. and Willis, A. J. (1954). The estimation of carbohydrates by anthrone . Biochem. J., 57: 508-514.
Zar, J. H. (1984). Biostatistical analysis. 2nd ed. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J. | ||||
Statistics Article View: 93 PDF Download: 98 |
||||