EFFECT OF SOME PARAMETERS ON PERFORMANCE OF DIRECT HIGH-RATE FILTRATION IN WATER TREATMENT | ||||
| JES. Journal of Engineering Sciences | ||||
| Article 4, Volume 42, No 3, May and June 2014, Page 609-628 PDF (1.01 MB) | ||||
| Document Type: Research Paper | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/jesaun.2014.115013 | ||||
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| Authors | ||||
| Haitham M. Amin1; A. A. Mohamed2 | ||||
| 1Civil Engineering Dept., Faculty of Engineering, Al-Azhar University | ||||
| 2Civil Engineering Dept., Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University. | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| Water filtration is a process for separating suspended or colloidal impurities from water by passage through a porous medium, usually a bed of sand or other medium. Direct filtration is a water treatment scheme that does not include separate in-plant sedimentation. It is not a new process but it is becoming increasingly important because of the safe drinking water. Water treatment plants are usually required to reduce filtered water turbidity down to 1 NTU. In this study, sand was used as a filtration media under constant direct high rate filtration conditions and performance. Turbidity removal performance and head loss were investigated as functions of filtration rate, bed depth, influent turbidity and media size. The filtration materials used in a downflow filter were sand and gravel. The sand bed thickness was changed from 60 cm to 120 cm with media size 1-2 mm, while the gravel layer thickness was kept constant at 30 cm. The influent raw water turbidity was varied from 10 to 30 NTU. The range of filtration rate was between 200 and 400 m3/m2/day. From analysis and discussions of the experimental results, it was found that the depth of media has significant effect on the water quality and head loss, with the increasing of sand depth in the filter, both the water quality and the head loss increases. It was found that a sand depth of 120 cm is able to give a constant filtration rate from 200 to 400 m3/m2/day with acceptable quality (≤ 1 NTU) for values of influent turbidity ≤ 10 NTU. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| Direct filtration; turbidity removal; water treatment; high rate filtration | ||||
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