EVALUATING THE POSSIBILITY OF RECYCLING BANANA WASTE AS A FEED FOR RUMINANTS: I- CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, RUMEN-LIQUOR PARAMETERS, DIGESTIBILITY COEFFICIENTS, AND FEEING VALUES BY LAMBS | ||||
| Journal of Animal and Poultry Production | ||||
| Article 2, Volume 34, Issue 11, November 2009, Page 10451-10467 PDF (633.15 K) | ||||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/jappmu.2009.119381 | ||||
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| Authors | ||||
| A. M. Abdelhamid1; G. H. A. Ghanem2; A. M. Aiad2; R. I. M. Matari2 | ||||
| 1Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Mansourah University | ||||
| 2Animal Production Res. Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Egypt. | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| Three underground trenches with the capacity of 6 tons (2 tons each) were used for making silage from banana wastes. Rice straw was added to banana wastes at the rate of 1:2, while molasses was added at the rate of 5%. The first kind of silage (T2) was made without any additive. In the second silage (T3), urea was added at the rate of 3%, while in the third silage (T4), EM1 (biological treatment) was added at the rate of 1%. Whereas T1 was a control. The rations were fed ad libitum of silage, while concentrate feed mixture consisted 70% from the requirements. Twenty lambs (crossbreed Finnish rams, Finnish x Rahmani) having 4 months of age and averaging 22 + 0.5 kg live body weight were used in this experiment. Lambs were divided into four similar groups according to their live body weight (5 animals in each). The results of this study revealed that banana waste silage with urea before ensiling increased CP and ash, but limited increased CF and EE, and decreased contents of OM and NFE. Making silage decreased CF and EE, but increased CP, NFE, and ash in BWES. Addition of urea and effective microorganism affected silage. Ruminal pH values decreased at 3 hours after feeding (5.73 T1, 5.9 T2, 6.47 T3 and 5.8 T4). The treatment with urea increased pH values compared to other treatment. The highest level of ammonia-N concentration (mg/100 ml) produced in rumen was (16.42 T3) compared with T2 (15.64) and T4 (14.86). These levels decreased after 6 hours of feeding, being T1 (13.25), T2 (10.17), T3 (12.51) and T4 (9.38). The concentration of volatile fatty acids 3 hours after feeding was the highest in T3 and T4 (13.82 and 11.68 meq, respectively). At 6 hours after feeding, TVFA's tended to increase in T3 and T4 compared to T2 (16.00, 12.00 and 10.17 meq, respectively). Digestibility coefficients of DM increased significantly in T4 and T3 compared to T2 (67.10, 65.91 and 63.16%, respectively. Digestibility coefficients of OM increased significantly in T4 & T3 compared to T2 (68.11, 66.89 and 64.10%, respectively). Digestibility coefficients of CP, CF, EE and NFE increased significantly in T4 and T3 compared to T2, being 64.58, 66, 66 & 87%; 56.91, 55.33 & 52.39%; 82.14, 81.53 & 78.28%; and 70.95, 68.16, 65.03%, respectively. These data indicated good silage of T4 compared to T2. T4 contained more DM, OM, CP, CF, EE and NFE (67.10, 68.11, 64.58, 56.91, 82.14 and 70.15%, respectively), compared to T1 (DM, OM, CP, CF, EE and NFE being 70.47, 71.52, 68.44, 53.94, 8.81 and 74.52%, respectively). No significant differences between T3 & T4 were found, except for CF. Significant differences were found between T1,, T4 and T2 compared to T3 & T4. The nutritive value as TDN increased insignificantly between T3 and T4 (63.29 and 64.98%) but increased significant between T3 & T4 compared to T2 (63.29, 64.98 and 60.11%, respectively). There were significant decreases in TDN of T2, T3 & T4 compared to T1 (60.11, 63.29, 64.98 and 67.77%, respectively). The nutritive value as DCP differed insignificantly between T3 & T4 (10.46 and 10.18%, respectively), but both (T3 and T4) increased significantly compared to T2 (10.46, 10.18 and 9.52%, respectively). Significant decreases were found between T2, T3 and T4 compared to T1 (9.52, 10.46, 10.18 and 11.15% DCP, respectively). From the foregoing results it could be concluded that EM1 as an additive for making silage of banana waste was effective. Ensilage of banana wastes with urea or EM1 reduced the tannins level and CF content but increased OM, CP, NFE and nutritive value; as well as nutrients digestibility comparing with the banana waste silage without additives, (even comparing with the control, e.g. for CF and EE). So, it is to recommend using banana waste silage with EM1 (or urea) in feeding ruminants. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| Banana waste; Silage quality; Chemical composition; Rumen liquor; Digestibility coefficients; Feeding values; Lambs | ||||
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