Optimization of electroless Ni-P coating bath and its impact in the Industrial Applications | ||||
| JES. Journal of Engineering Sciences | ||||
| Article 3, Volume 49, No 1, January and February 2021, Page 42-52 PDF (542.86 K) | ||||
| Document Type: Research Paper | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/jesaun.2021.51649.1022 | ||||
 View on SCiNiTO | ||||
| Authors | ||||
Refaie Omar   1; Mahmoud A. El-Sharief2
| ||||
| 1Mining and Metallurgical Engineering Dep. | ||||
| 2Mechanical Engineering Department, Assiut University, Egypt | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| Electroless Ni-P coating is widely used in industrial engineering applications due to its ability to alter and improve the surface properties of the steel substrate. Electroless nickel coating introduce an excellent combination of surface properties. It can add brightness, lustre, and appeal. The final coating layer also possess very good adhesion with coated substrates, this is the reasons for using such layer as an 'undercoat' for other coatings. The ability to produce a very homogenous composition and produce coating with high corrosion resistance are mainly based on the plating bath composition. The present work investigates the influence of bath compositions, which included nickel sulphate, sodium hypophosphite and tri-sodium citrate, on the process of electroless Ni‒P coating. The deposition rate (Dr) as well as the bath stability were monitored to optimize the plating bath conditions with the different composition. The results of this work showed that the deposition rate of coating layer increase with increase of nickel source and reducing agent while; sodium citrate concentration in the plating bath have adverse effect on the deposition rate of coating. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| Ni-P electroless plating; reducing agent; complex agent; bath stability | ||||
| References | ||||
|
[1] Abner, B. and G.E. Riddell, Nickel plating by chemical reduction. 1950, Google Patents.
[2] Sahoo, P. and S.K. Das, Tribology of electroless nickel coatings–a review. Materials & Design, 2011. 32(4): p. 1760-1775.
[3] Sudagar, J., J. Lian, and W. Sha, Electroless nickel, alloy, composite and nano coatings – A critical review. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2013. 571: p. 183-204.
[4] Agarwala, R. and V. Agarwala, Electroless alloy/composite coatings: A review. Sadhana, 2003. 28(3-4): p. 475-493.
[5] Krishnan, K.H., S. John, K. Srinivasan, J. Praveen, M. Ganesan, and P. Kavimani, An overall aspect of electroless Ni-P depositions—a review article. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 2006. 37(6): p. 1917-1926.
[6] Kundu, S., S.K. Das, and P. Sahoo, Properties of Electroless Nickel at Elevated Temperature-a Review. Procedia Engineering, 2014. 97: p. 1698-1706.
[7] Loto, C.A., Electroless Nickel Plating – A Review. Silicon, 2016. 8(2): p. 177-186.
[8] Taheri, R., Evaluation of electroless nickel-phosphorus (EN) coatings. Saskatoon: University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, 2002.
[9] Schlesinger, M. and M. Paunovic, Modern electroplating. Vol. 55. 2011: John Wiley & Sons.
[10] Osifuye, C., A. Popoola, C. Loto, and D. Oloruntoba, Effect of bath parameters on electroless Ni-P and Zn-P deposition on 1045 steel substrate. Int J Electrochem Sci, 2014. 9: p. 6074-6087.
[11] Karthikeyan, S. and B. Ramamoorthy, Effect of reducing agent and nano Al2O3 particles on the properties of electroless Ni–P coating. Applied Surface Science, 2014. 307: p. 654-660.
[12] Gadhari, P. and P. Sahoo, Effect of Process Parameters on Microhardness of Ni-P-Al2O3 Composite Coatings. Procedia Materials Science, 2014. 6: p. 623-632.
[13] Sharma, A. and A.K. Singh, Electroless Ni-P-PTFE-Al2O3 Dispersion Nanocomposite Coating for Corrosion and Wear Resistance. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 2013. 23(1): p. 142-151.
[14] Gadhari, P. and P. Sahoo, Influence of Process Parameters on Multiple Roughness Characteristics of Ni–P–TiO2 Composite Coatings. Procedia Engineering, 2014. 97: p. 439-448.
[15] Ahmadi Ashtiani, A., S. Faraji, S. Amjad Iranagh, and A.H. Faraji, The study of electroless Ni–P alloys with different complexing agents on Ck45 steel substrate. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 2017. 10: p. S1541-S1545.
[16] Mallory, G.O. and J.B. Hajdu, Electroless plating: fundamentals and applications. 1st ed. 1990, New York (US): William Andrew.
[17] Pandaa, A.K. and R. Singhb, Optimization of Process Parameters by Taguchi Method: Catalytic degradation of polypropylene to liquid fuel. Int. J. of Multidisciplinary and Current research, 2013: p. 50-54.
[18] Muraliraja, R., R. Elansezhian, and K. Patterson, Optimization of Reducing Agent and Key Parameters Effect on the Efficiency of Electroless Ni-P Plating by Taguchi Method. Procedia Materials Science, 2014. 5: p. 2478-2486.
[19] Park, I.-C. and S.-J. Kim, Cavitation erosion behavior in seawater of electroless Ni-P coating and process optimization using Taguchi method. Applied Surface Science, 2018.
[20] Omar, R., M. Aboraia, and E. Oraby, Optimization of the electroless Ni-P coating in glycine bath by Taguchi method. Journal of Engineering Sciences, Assiut University, 2019. 47(1): p. 40-48.
[21] Yaghoobi, M., B. Bostani, P. Asl farshbaf, and N.P. Ahmadi, An investigation on Preparation and Effects of Post Heat Treatment on Electroless Nanocrystalline Ni–Sn–P Coatings. Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals, 2017. 71(2): p. 393-402.
[22] Beygi, H., H. Vafaeenezhad, and S.A. Sajjadi, Modeling the electroless nickel deposition on aluminum nanoparticles. Applied Surface Science, 2012. 258(19): p. 7744-7750.
[23] Stankiewicz, A., I. Szczygieł, and B. Szczygieł, Summary of Existing Models of the Ni‐P Coating Electroless Deposition Process. International Journal of Chemical Kinetics, 2013. 45(11): p. 755-762.
[24] Huang, Y.S. and F.Z. Cui, Effect of complexing agent on the morphology and microstructure of electroless deposited Ni–P alloy. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2007. 201(9-11): p. 5416-5418.
[25] Anik, T., M.E. Touhami, K. Himm, S. Schireen, R. Belkhmima, M. Abouchane, and M. Cissé, Influence of pH solution on electroless copper plating using sodium hypophosphite as reducing agent. Int. J. Electrochem. Sci, 2012. 7(3): p. 2009-2018.
[26] 26. Szczygieł, B. and A. Turkiewicz, Aminoacetic acid as complexing agent in baths for electroless deposition of Ni–W–P coatings. Transactions of the IMF, 2006. 84(6): p. 309-312.
[27] Gawad, S.A., A. Baraka, M. Morsi, and M.A. Eltoum, Development of Electroless Ni-P-Al2O3 and Ni-P-TiO2 Composite Coatings from Alkaline Hypophosphite Gluconate Baths and their Properties. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 2013. 8: p. 1722-1734.
[28] Chen, L., D. Zeng, Z. Liu, S. Bai, and J. Li, Improving the Fatigue Crack Propagation Resistance and Damage Tolerance of 2524-T3 Alloy with Amorphous Electroless Ni-P Coating. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 2018. 27(2): p. 881-888. | ||||
|
Statistics Article View: 271 PDF Download: 630 |
||||
