COVID-19; Immunology, pathology, severity and immunosuppressants
Safwat, M., Abdul-Rahman, A., Forsan, H., Abduljabar, R., Riad, O. (2021). COVID-19; Immunology, pathology, severity and immunosuppressants. EKB Journal Management System, 1(1), 1-12. doi: 10.21608/aijpms.2021.50103.1005
Mennat-Allah Safwat; Ayman Reda Abdul-Rahman; Hagar Fathy Forsan; Rihan Abduljabar; Omnia Riad. "COVID-19; Immunology, pathology, severity and immunosuppressants". EKB Journal Management System, 1, 1, 2021, 1-12. doi: 10.21608/aijpms.2021.50103.1005
Safwat, M., Abdul-Rahman, A., Forsan, H., Abduljabar, R., Riad, O. (2021). 'COVID-19; Immunology, pathology, severity and immunosuppressants', EKB Journal Management System, 1(1), pp. 1-12. doi: 10.21608/aijpms.2021.50103.1005
Safwat, M., Abdul-Rahman, A., Forsan, H., Abduljabar, R., Riad, O. COVID-19; Immunology, pathology, severity and immunosuppressants. EKB Journal Management System, 2021; 1(1): 1-12. doi: 10.21608/aijpms.2021.50103.1005

COVID-19; Immunology, pathology, severity and immunosuppressants

Azhar International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Sciences
Article 1, Volume 1, Issue 1, January 2021, Page 1-12  XML PDF (558.4 K)
Document Type: Review Articles
DOI: 10.21608/aijpms.2021.50103.1005
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Authors
Mennat-Allah Safwat1; Ayman Reda Abdul-Rahman2; Hagar Fathy Forsanorcid 3; Rihan Abduljabar4; Omnia Riad email orcid 1
1Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
2Radiology Department, Armed Forces College of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
3Dairy Chemistry Research Department, Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
4Phytochemistry Department, Scientific Research Center, Soran University, Iraq
Abstract
As most COVID-19 patients show mild to moderate symptoms; 15% suffer from severe respiratory symptoms, and 5% develop acute respiratory distress syndrome which may be associated with multiple organ failure. The highly virulent SARS-CoV-2 affects organs, other than lungs, such as brain, kidney, cardiovascular system and gastrointestinal tract. This review highlights the relation between SARS-CoV-2 and organ involvement. SARS-CoV-2 causes the cytokine storm and damage of the lung cells with activation of NF-κB, hence the damage may reach other organs that leads to death in some cases. The current review discusses the factors affecting COVID-19 severity including the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 with the associated cytokine storm, smoking, gender and blood group. This review discusses also genetic factors associated with severe COVID-19 cases, alongside with comorbid diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and obesity. Also, this review focuses on the effect of immunosuppressants and antirheumatic drugs on the protection and treatment of severe COVID-19 cases.
Keywords
COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; immunology; severity; immunosuppressants; cytokine storm; genetic
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