GIS modeling of water erosion in Jordan using "RUSLE" نمذجة رياضية اعتمادا على نظم المعلومات الجغرافية لتعرية المياه في الأردن باستخدام نموذج RUSLE | ||||
Assiut University Bulletin for Environmental Researches | ||||
Article 5, Volume 17.1, Issue 17.1, March 2014, Page 57-75 PDF (1.01 MB) | ||||
Document Type: Original Article | ||||
DOI: 10.21608/auber.2014.148432 | ||||
View on SCiNiTO | ||||
Abstract | ||||
ABSTRACT Jordan is a country dominated by arid climate and fragile ecological system, which makes land degradation, soil erosion and desertification important areas of interest. This study creates a soil erosion model based on the RUSLE erosion model, resulting in a national potential soil erosion map for Jordan. The objective of this study is to create a national potential erosion map for Jordan using the RUSLE erosion model. To meet the objective of this study a GIS database was created to support the application of RUSLE in Jordan. The R, K, LS, and C factors have been created from RUSLE model using local data. The C factor was estimated from previous studies, and expert's evaluations. According to RUSLE model, the regions with high erosion rates are the northern highlands, Jordan Valley escarpment and some parts of Araba Hills in the southern Jordan. These regions have steep slope with precipitation rates ranging from 50 mm to 100 mm in the south to 550 -600 mm in the north. The model shows that the annual soil loss ranges between 0 - >100 tons/ha.yr. يسيطر على الأردن المناخ الجاف والنظام البيئي الهش، الأمر الذي يجعل منـ اطق تـدهور الأراضـي وتعرية التربة و التصحر محط الاهتمام . هذه الدراسة تبني نموذجاً رياضياً لتعرية التربـة اسـتنادا إلـى نمـوذج تعريةRUSLE، للتوصل إلى عمل خارطة تعرية التربة المحتملة الوطنية للأردن . الهدف من هذه الدراسـة هـو إنشاء خريطة وطنية للتعرية المحتملة للأردن باستخدام نموذج تعرية RUSLE ل. تحقيق الهدف من هذه الدراسة تم إنشاء قاعدة بيانات نظم المعلومات الجغرافية لدعم تطبيق RUSLE في الأردن . وقد تم إنشاء عوامـل LS،K،R، وC من نموذج RUSLE باستخدام البيانات المحلية . تم ت قدير عامل C استناداً إلـى الدراسـات الـسابقة و تقيـيم الخبراء. وفقا لنموذج RUSLE، تبين أن المناطق ذات معدلات ال تعرية ال عالية هي المرتفعـات الـشمالية ، و وادي غور الأردن وبعض أجزاء من تلال وادي عربة في جنوب الأردن . هذه المناطق تمتاز ب منحدرات حادة ومعدلات هطول أمطار تتراوح بين ٥٠ملم إلى ١٠٠ملم في الجنوب إلى ٦٠٠-٥٥٠ ملم في الشمال .يبين ال نمـوذج أن فقـدان التربة السنوي يتراوح بين ١٠٠ <-٠ /طن هکتار في السنة . | ||||
Keywords | ||||
Keywords: Erosion; desertification; RUSLE; GIS; modeling الکلمات الرئيسية: تعرية، التصحر، RUSLE، نظم المعلومات الجغرافية نمذج | ||||
References | ||||
REFERENCES Al Qudah, B., 2003: Soils of Jordan, Options Méditerranéennes, Série B, n. 34, Ministry of Agriculture Amman – Jordan, personal correspondence. Arnoldus, H M J, 1977: Methodology used to determine the maximum potential average annual soil loss due to sheet and rill erosion in Morocco., FAO, soil bulletin 34: 39-48. Bender F., 1974: Geology of Jordan. Natural Resources Authority and German Geological Mission in Jordan Hanover, Germany Brooks, K.N., P.F Ffolliott, H.M. Gregersen, andL.F. Debono, 2003: Hydrology and the Management of Watersheds, 3rd Edition. Iowa State Press, Ames, Iowa. Edmonds W. J., P. J. Thomas, T. W. Simpson, and J. C. Baker, 1998: Land Judging and soil evaluation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Department of Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences,Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0404 Eltaif N. I., M. A. Gharaibeh, F. AL-zaitawi and M. N. Al hamad, 2010: Approximation of Rainfall Erosivity Factors in North Jordan, pub.Elsevier, Pedosphere 20(6): 711–717. Essa S., 2004: GIS modeling of land degradation in northern Jordan using Landsat imagery. In: Proceeding of the 22nd Annual Conference International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ISPRD), Istanbul Turkey. pp. 10-14. Fajer Al-Zitawi. 2006: Using RUSLE in prediction of soil loss for selected sites in North and North West of Jordan (Master Thesis), Irbid, Jordan University Of Science and Technology. Hattar B.I, A. Y. Taimeh , F. M. Ziadat 2010: Variation in soil chemical properties along toposequences in an arid region of the Levant. CATENA 83: 34-45. Hickey, R, A. Smith, and P. Jankowski, 1994: Slope length calculations from a DEM within ARC/INFO GRID. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 18(5): 365 - 380. http://www.fao.org/ag/AGP/AGPC/doc/Counp rof/Jordan/Jordan.htm http://www.gdem.aster.ersdac.or.jp/search.jsp Jordan Climatological Handbook, 2000: Meteorological Department, Ministry of Transport. Amman, jordan Loch, R. J., B. K. Slater. and C. Devoil, 1998: Soil erodibility (Km) values for some Australian soils. Australian journal of Soil Research 36: 1045-1055. McCool, D.K., G.R. Foster, and G.A. Weesies. 1997: Slope Length and Steepness Factors (LS), Chapter 4, pp. 101-141 in Renard et al., 1997 Cited below. Meyer, L.D. 1984: Evolution of the universal soil loss equation. Journal Soil and Water Conservation 39: 99-104 Mitasova ,H., J.Hofierka, M. Zlocha, and R.L.Iverson. 1996: Modeling topographic potential for erosion and deposition using GIS. International Journal of Geographical Information Science 10(5): 629-641. Renard, K. G. and J. R. Freimund 1994: Using Monthly Precipitation Data to Estimate the R factor in the Revised USLE. Journal of Hydrology 157: 287– 306. Renard, K.G., G.R. Foster, G.A. Weesies, D.K. McCool, and D.C. Yoder, 1997: Prediction Soil Erosion by Water: A Guide to Conservation Planning with the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE). Agriculture Handbook No. 703 Romkens, M.J.M., 1985: The soil erodibility factor: a perspective. In: S.A. ElSwaify, W.C. Moldenhauer, and A. Lo, eds., Soil Erosion and Conservation, pp. 445-461. Soil and Water Conservation Soceity of America, Ankeny, Iowa. Royal Jordanian Geographic Center (R J G C), 2005: Land cover- Land use classification of Jordan. Schwab, G .O., R. K. Frevert, T. W. Edminster, and K. K. Barnes, 1981: Soil & Water Conservation Engineering, Third Edition. John Wiley and Sons: New York. Shen, H.W. and P.Y. Julien. 1993: Erosion and sediment transport. Chapter 12. In: Maidment, D.R. (ed.). Handbook of Hydrology. McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York. Van Remortel, R., M. Hamilton, and R. Hickey, 2001: Estimating the LS factor for RUSLE through iterative slope length processing of DEM data. Cartography 30(1): 27 - 35. Weesies, G.A. 1998: Predicting soil erosion by water: A guide to conservation planning with the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE). Agriculture Handbook No. 703. Washington, District of Columbia, USA. Wischmeier , W.H., C.B Johnson, and B.B. Cross. 1971: A soil erodibility nomograph for farmland and construction sites. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 26:189-193. Wischmeier W.H.,and D.D Smith., 1965: Predicting rainfall erosion losses from cropland east of the Rocky Mountains – Guide for selection of practices for soil and water conservation .United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). (Agriculture Handbook. NO.537). Washington , DC. Wischmeier, W.H., and D.D.Smith, 1978: Predicting rainfall erosion losses: A Guide to conservation planning . United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Agricultural Handbook No.537. Washington , DC . | ||||
Statistics Article View: 172 PDF Download: 392 |
||||