PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF MYCOTOXINS IN FEEDS الوقاية والتخلص من السموم الفطرية | ||||
Assiut University Bulletin for Environmental Researches | ||||
Article 11, Volume 6.2, Issue 6.2, October 2003, Page 149-166 PDF (195.57 K) | ||||
Document Type: Original Article | ||||
DOI: 10.21608/auber.2003.150983 | ||||
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Abstract | ||||
ABSTRACT : Mycotoxins are compounds produced by toxigenic strains of fungi in grains and feedstuffs. Mycotoxins can contaminate agricultural products before harvest, after harvest, during processing, transport and storage. The contamination levels are influenced by environmental factors and insect damage. Most of the mycotoxins are of greatest potential risk to humans and animals. The toxicity of mycotoxins to animals range from acute death to chronic disease and interference with reproductive efficiency. Contamination of meat, milk and eggs can result from animal consumption of mycotoxin contaminated feed or feed-ingredient. These contaminants of mycotoxins and their metabolites are hazardous to humans. Management practices to avoid mycotoxin accumulation in stored grains or feed are conducted by several authors. Optimization of environmental conditions, good sanitation practices, addition of antifungal agent of low toxicity to animals and good insect/rodent control are valuable. Moreover, several procedures for the decontamination/detoxification of mycotoxin containing feeds have been reported. These include physical separation, thermal inactivation, irradiation, microbial degradation and chemical treatment This article summerises the different methods used for prevention and control of mycotoxins in animal feeds. السموم الفطرية هى مرکبات کيميائية سامة تفرزها أنواع من الفطريات التى تنمو على المنتجات العلفية، وتختلف السموم الفطرية باختلاف ترکيبها الکيميائى وتأثيرها السمى ودرجة ضراوتها. ويؤدى تغذية الحيوانات والطيور على علائق تحتوى على مستويات مرتفعة من هذه المرکبات إلى أعراض مرضية مثل ضعف النمو، انخفاض معدل إنتاج اللحم واللبن والبيض، ضعف الجهاز المناعى وارتفاع الإصابة بالأمراض وارتفاع نسبة النفوق، کما تؤدى متبقيات هذه المرکبات فى المنتجات الحيوانية إلى أضرار بالغة مثل السرطانات فى الإنسان. لذا يجب مراقبة المواد العلفية لأى نموات فطرية واختبارها دوريا لمعرفة مدى تواجد أى من السموم الفطرية وترکيزها بالإضافى إلى المعدلات المسموح بها لکل نوع من السموم وکل حيوان. وتتلخص الإجراءات الوقائية للسموم الفطرية فى تجفيف الحبوب جيداً بعد حصادها، وخفض نسبة الرطوبة فى المنتجات العلفية وتخزينها فى ظروف ملائمة وإضافة مضادات الفطريات لها، وللتخلص من السموم الفطرية فى حالة تواجدها بنسب مرتفعة فى المنتجات العلفية يمکن استخدام أى من الطرق الآتية مثل فصل الحبوب الموجود عليها نموات فطرية واضحة، تحميص الحبوب المصابة، التخلص من السموم الفطرية بيولوجيا باستخدام بعض أنواع الميکروبات، أو استخدام العلاجات الکيماوية مثل القلويات والأحماض. وقد استهدفت هذه الورقة إلقاء الضوء على العديد من الطرق المستخدمة فى الوقاية والتخلص من السموم الفطرية فى المنتجات العلفية بالأعلاف | ||||
References | ||||
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