Selection of New Distinct Sweet Potato Clones Using Chemical Mutagen Agents and Gamma-ray Radiation | ||||
| Journal of the Advances in Agricultural Researches | ||||
| Article 16, Volume 23, Issue 1 - Serial Number 86, March 2018, Page 168-193 PDF (227.48 K) | ||||
| Document Type: Research papers | ||||
 View on SCiNiTO | ||||
| Authors | ||||
| Mahmoud Khalil Mansour1; Aly Abido2; Mona Yousry2; Sameh Moussa3 | ||||
| 1Potato and Vegetative Reproduction Res. Dept., Horticulture Res. Inst., ARC | ||||
| 2Plant Production Dept., Faculty of Agric., Saba Bash, Alexandria Univ. | ||||
| 3Potato and Vegetative Reproduction Res. Dept., Horticulture Res. Inst., ARC. | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| Improving sweet potato plants by traditional breeding methods has some limitations. Furthermore, the existence of self- and cross-incompatibility in sweet potato limits the use of genetic resources and causes a difficult for the breeders through cross breeding. Breeding using mutants as gamma rays and chemical mutagen agents such as colchicine and sodium azide can be used as a key approach in improving sweet potato genotypes, since it is a clonally propagated crop. Therefore, the objectives of this study are production improved clones of sweet potato with high productivity and quality. This investigation was carried out through the years of 2014, 2015 and 2016. Physical and chemical mutagenesis were performed using gamma ray radiation, colchicine and sodium azide which were applied to stem cuttings of "Abees and Mabrouka" cultivars to produce new sweet potato clones prone to have both high productivity and tuber roots quality. Cuttings were treated with three different mutagens: 1) exposed to gamma radiation with four doses (30, 50, 70 and 90 Gy), 2) soaked in colchicine solution with three concentrations (100, 300 and 500 mg/L) for sixteen hours and 3) soaked in sodium azide solution with three concentrations (50, 75 and 100 mg/L) for sixteen hours. Fifteen new clones were selected among three hundred ones according to tuber root morphological and physical characteristics for planting in a field trial along with the above-mentioned local sweet potato cultivars for evaluation in two different locations in Alexandria and El-Gharbeya governorates. Generally, the tested sweet potato genotypes were significantly differed for all the studied characters, viz., vegetative characters, yield and yield components, physical and morphological tuber root characteristics. Most studied characters showed strong dependence on the environmental factors (locations). The interaction between genotype and environment; had highly significant effects on all studied traits. The obtained results expressed such positive and significant correlations among sweet potato yield per feddan with each of fresh foliage weight (kg), plant length (m), number of main branches per plant, number of tuber roots per plant, average tuber root weight (kg), marketable yield per plant and percentage of marketable yield per plant. So, the aforementioned characters were considered as good indicators for the prediction of high sweet potato crop production. It is worth mentioning that; three clones (No. 3, 4 and 6) were superior to all tested genotypes especially in yield and quality characters as total sugars and dry matter percentages. These clones considered suitable for both domestic and foreign markets. The clone No. 16 is starchy one and dedicated to be suitable for starch industry due to its superiority compare to all tested clones in terms of starch content. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| sweet potato; Ipomoea batatas; L; gamma-ray radiation; colchicine; sodium azide; mutation; physical and chemical mutagens; genotype x environment interaction | ||||
| References | ||||
|
A.O.A.C. (1970). Official Methods of Analysis. 11th ed. P. 526.
Ahn, Y.O., S.H. Kim, C.Y. Kim, J.S. Lee, S.S. Kwak and H.S. Lee (2010). Exogenous sucrose utilization and starch biosynthesis among sweet potato cultivars. Carbohyd. Res., 345: 55-60.
Ahn, Y.S., K.S. Min, B.C. Jeong, M.N. Chung, J.S. Lee, Y.H. Oh and Y.I. Kuk (2002). Cross-compatibility and incompatibility of Korean Sweet potato Varieties. Korean J. Breed. Sci., 34(3): 236-243.
Ali, M.Z.M., A.M. El-Gamal, A.H. El-Nadi, W.S. Ragheb and A.S. Soliman (2008). Stability of some genetic characters of some potato cultivars under different environments. The Fourth International Conference for Development and the Environment. King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Ara, T., A. Haydar, M.A. Islam, M.A.S. Azad and H. Khokan (2009). Path analysis in potato. J. Soil Nature 3 (2): 20-23.
Chahal, G. S. and S. S. Gosal (2002). Principles and Procedures of Plant Breeding. Alpha Science International Ltd., pp: 399-412.
Chandrashekar, K. R., H. M. Somashekarappa, and J. Souframanien (2013). Effect of gamma irradiation on germination, growth, and biochemical parameters of Terminalia arjuna Roxb. Rad. Protec. & Environ., 36(1): 38-44.
Dermen, H and S.L. Emsweller (1961). The use of colchicine in plant breeding. Publisher (Beltsville, Md.) : U.S. Dept. of Agric., Agricultural Research Service.
Dospekhove, B.A. (1984). Field Experimental Statistical Procedures. Mir Publishers, Russia 349.
Dubois, M., K.A. Gilles, J.K. Hamilton, P.A. Rebers and F. Smith (1956). Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances. Analytical Chemistry, 28 (3): 350 – 356.
Engida T.E.V., D. Sastry and D. Nigussie (2006). Correlation and Path Analysis in Sweet Potato and Their Implications for Clonal Selection. J. Agron., 5(3): 391-395.
FAOSTAT (2006). FAO database. (http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/default.aspx). (http:/www.ars-grin.gov/)
FAOSTAT (2014). FAO database. (http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC)
Fongod, A.G.N., A.M. Mih and T.N. Nkwatoh (2012). Morphological and agronomical characterization of different accessions of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) in Camiron. International Research J. of Agric. Sci. and Soil Sci. (2): 234-245.
Gedamu, Y., G. Belay and N. Dechassa (2010). Genotypic and phenotypic correlations of root yield andother traits of orange fleshed sweet potatoes [Ipomoea batatas(L.) Lam.]. J. Dry lands. 3(2): 208-213.
Grant, W.F. and M.F. Salamone (1994).Comparative mutagenicity of chemicals selected for test in the international program on chemical safety collaborative study on plant systems for the detection of environmental mutagens. Mutation Res. 310: 187-209.
Haris, A., B. Abdullah, A. Subaedah, and K. Jusoff (2013). Gamma ray radiation mutant rice on local aged dwarf. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 15(8): 1160-1164.
Hironori, M., F. Ogasawara, K. Sato, H. Higo and Y. Minobe (2007). Isolation of a regulatory gene of anthocyanin biosynthesis in tuberous roots of purple-fleshed sweet potato. Pl. Physio.,143: 1252-1268.
Jan, S., T. Parween and T. O. Siddiqi (2012). Effect of gamma radiation on morphological, biochemical, and physiological aspects of plants and plant products. Environ. Rev., 20(1): 17-39.
Ji, M. S., B.K. Kim, S.G. Seo, S.B. Jeon, J.S. Kim, B.K. Jun, S.Y. Kang, J.S. Lee, M.N. Chung and S.H. Kim (2011). Mutation breeding of sweet potato by gamma-ray radiation. African J. Agric. Res., 6 (6): 1447-1454.
Khan, S., F. Al-Qurainy and F. Anwar (2009). Sodium Azide: a Chemical Mutagen for Enhancement of Agronomic Traits of Crop Plants. Environ. We Int. J. Sci. Tech. 4: 1-21.
Kohyama, K. and K. Nishinari (1991). Effect of soluble sugars on gelatinization and retro gradation of sweet potato starch. J. Agric. Food Chem. 39: 1406-1410.
Loebenstein, G., S. Fuentes, J. Cohen and L.F. Salazar (2003). Sweet potato. In: Loebenstein, G., Thottappilly, G. (Eds.), Virus and Virus-Like Diseases of Major Crops in Developing Countries. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands,pp. 223–248.
Miller, P.A., J.C. Williams and H.F. Robinson (1959). Variety × environment interactions in cotton variety tests and their implications on testing methods. Agron. J., 50: 132-134.
Mohan, J. S. (2006). Mutation-assisted breeding for improving ornamental plants. Acta Hort., 714:85-98.
Moussa, S.A.M. (1995). Effect of environmental conditions on some characteristics of potato (Solanum tuberosum, L.) cultivars. M. Sc. Thesis, Fac. Agric. Saba-Bacha, Alex. Univ., Egypt.
Moussa, S.A.M., H.A. Abd El-Aal and N. A. El-Fadl (2011). Stability study of sweet potato yield and its component characters under different environments by joint regression analysis. J. Hort. Sci. & Ornam. P., 3 (1): 43-54.
Moussa, S.A.M. and S.E. Gomaa (2017). Mutation breeding and assessment of clones induced through gamma radiation of the sweet potato cultivar (Abees). Egypt. J. Pl. Breed., 21 (2): 321-338.
Nguyen, H.T., D.A. Sleper and K.L. Hunt (1980). Genotype × environment interactions and stability analysis for herbage yield of tall fescue synthetics. Crop Sci. 20: 221-224.
Patil, V.D., V.G. Makane and P.R. Chopde (1981). Genetic variability and character association in intervarietal crosses of linseed. Ind. J. Agric. Sci.51: 631-633.
Rahimi, M. M. and A. Bahrani (2011). Effect of gamma irradiation on qualitative and quantitative characteristics of Canola (Brassica napus L.). Mid. East J. Sci. Res., 8(2): 519-525.
Raicu, P. and F. Mixich (1992). Cytogenetic effects of sodium azide mutagnesis in barley. Hered. 98: 89-94.
Rines, H.W. (1985). Sodium azide mutagenesis in diploid and hexaploid oats and comparison with ethyl methane sul-fonate treatments. Env. Exp. Bot. 25: 7-16.
Schum, A. (2003). Mutation breeding in ornamentals and efficient breeding method. Acta Hort., 612: 47-60.
Shin, J.M., K. Bong-Kyu, S. Sang-Gyu, B.J. Seo, K. Ji-Seong, K. Byung, K. Si-Yong, L.S. Joon, C. Mi-Nam and K. Sun-Hyung (2011). Mutation breeding of sweet potato by gamma-ray radiation. Afri. J. Agric. Res., 6 (6): 1447-1454.
Shu, Q.U. (ed.) (2009). Induced Plant Mutations in the Genomics Era. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, 253-256.
Snedecor, G.W. and W.G. Cochran (1980). Statistical Methods. The Iowa State Univeristy Press, Ames, USA.
Song, H.S. and S.Y. Kang (2003). Application of Natural Variation and Induced Mutation in Breeding and Functional Genomics: Papers for International Symposium; Current Status and Future of Plant Mutation Breeding. Korean J. Breed. Sci., 35(1): 24-34.
Umiel, N. and W.H. Gabelman (1971). Analytical procedures for detecting carotenoids of carrot (Daucus carota L.) roots and tomato (Lycopersicone sculentum) fruits. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 96: 702-704.
Wang, Y, F. Wang, H. Zhai and Q. Liu (2007). Production of a useful mutant by chronic irradiation in sweet potato. Sci. Horti., 111(2): 173-178.
Yoon, K.E., Y.H. Park and B.G. Im (1990). Effect of gamma radiation on seed germination and androgenesis in Nicotiana tabacum L. Korean J. Breed. Sci., 21: 256-262. | ||||
|
Statistics Article View: 117 PDF Download: 194 |
||||
