Physicochemical Properties and Nutritional Value of Egyptian Date Seeds and Its Applications in Some Bakery Products | ||||
Journal of the Advances in Agricultural Researches | ||||
Article 8, Volume 23, Issue 2 - Serial Number 87, June 2018, Page 260-279 PDF (508.56 K) | ||||
Document Type: Research papers | ||||
View on SCiNiTO | ||||
Authors | ||||
Hamza Ahfaiter; Ahmed Zeitoun; Ahmed Elsaid Abdallah | ||||
Food Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Saba Basha, Alexandria University | ||||
Abstract | ||||
The present study was carried out on an Egyptian Sukari date variety obtained from two different locations (Siwa and Alwady Algadid). Physicochemical properties and nutritional value as well as the effect of fortified bread and muffins with date seed powder were evaluated. Moisture, protein, crude fiber, ether extract, ash and carbohydrates were 8.8 and 9.6%, 3.88 and 5.62%, 15.84 and 18.01%, 10.7 and 8.5%, 1.98 and 1.48%, 58.80and 56.79%, recorded in Sukari date seeds collected from Siwa and Alwady Algadid, respectively. Among sixteen fatty acids detected, oleic was the predominant (44.03–45.88%) followed by lauric (18.94–20.17%), myristic (10.65–10.89%), palmitic (8.05– 8.21%), linoleic (6.45–7.13%) and stearic (2.80–2.96%) which composed together about 90% of the total oil in Sukari date seeds collected from two different places. Potassium was the highest mineral content in the two date seeds, it ranged between 2004.49 mg/kg DW in Siwa seeds and 2159.74 mg/kg DW in Alwadi Algadid seeds, followed by calcium (982.77 - 1367.64 mg/kg DW), magnesium (651.90–670.14 mg/kg DW) and phosphorus (590.57–856.18 mg/kg DW). The highest contents of phenolic (3500.59 mg GAE/100 g DW) and flavonoid (1400.88 mg RE/100 g DW) were observed in Siwa seeds, whereas the lowest amount of both, phenolic (3010.05 mg GAE/100 g DW) and flavonoids (1210.00 mg RE/100 g DW) was found in Alwadi Algadid seeds. Siwa date seeds exhibited the highest level of antioxidant activity based on DPPH assay. Prepared bread and muffins made with 10% and 15% of date seed powder received the highest overall score than those contained wheat flour without any supplementation. | ||||
Keywords | ||||
Dateseed; Dietaryfiber; Bakingproperties | ||||
References | ||||
Abd El-Azeem R. M., Hashem M. H., and Hemeida A. A. (2011). Identification and Genetic Similarity Analysis of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Collected from Different Regions in Siwa Oasis using Morphologically Traits and Molecular Markers. Egyptian Journal of Genetics and Cytology, 40: 281-300.
Abdul Afiq, M. J., Abdul Rahman, R., Che Man, Y. B., AlKahtani, H. A. and Mansor, T. S. T. (2013). Date seed and date seed oil. International Food Research Journal, 20: 2035-2043.
Al-Alawi, R., Al-Mashiqri, J., Al-Nadabi, J., Al-Shihi, B. and Baqi, Y. (2017). Date Palm Tree (Phoenix dactylifera L.): Natural Products and Therapeutic Options. Frontiers in Plant Science, 8: 1-12.
Al-Farsi, M., Alasalvar, C., Al-Abid , M. , Al-Shoaily, K , Al-Amry, M. ( 2007). Compositional and functional characteristics of dates, syrups, and their by-products. Food Chem., 104: 943-947.
Al-Farsi, M. A. and Lee, C. Y.(2008).Nutritional and functional properties of dates : a review. Critical Reviews in Food science and Nutrition ,48, 877-887.
Al-Harrasi, A., Rehman, N. U., Hussain, J., Khan, A. L., Al-Rawahi, A., Gilani, S. A., (2014).Nutritional assessment and antioxidant analysis of 22 date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) varieties growing in Sultanate of Oman. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Med., 7: S591–S598.
AL-Hooti, S., Sidhu, J.S. and Qabazard, H.(1998). Chemical composition of seeds date fruit cultivars of United Arab Emarites for jam, butter and dates-in-syrup. Adv. Food science & Technology,35, 44-46.
Al juhaimi, F., Ghafoor, K., and Ozcan, M.M. (2012). Physical and chemical properties, antioxidant activity, total phenol and mineral profile of seeds of seven different date fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.) varieties. Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr., 63: 84–89.
Al-Najada, A. R., and Mohamed, S. A. (2014). Changes of antioxidant capacity and oxidoreductases of Saudi date cultivars (Phoenix dactylifera L.) during storage. Sci. Hortic., 170: 275–280.
Al-Qarawi, A., Mousa, H.M., Ali, B.H., Abdel-Rahman, H. and El-Mougy S. A. (2004). Protective effect of extracts from dates (Phoenix dactylifera L.) on carbon tetrachloride– induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Intern. J. Appl. Res. Vet. Med., 2: 176- 180.
Al-Sayyed, H. F., Takruri, H. R., and Shomaf, M. S. (2014). The effect of date palm fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.) on 7, 12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary cancer in rats. Res. Opin. Anim. Vet. Sci., 4: 11–18.
Amira, E. A., Guido, F., Behija, S. E., Manel, I., Nesrine, Z., Ali, F., Mohamed, H., Noureddine, H. A. and Lotfi, A. (2011). Chemical and aroma volatile compositions of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruits at three maturation stages. Food Chemistry, 127: 1744-1754.
AOAC (1997).Official methods of analyses, Association of Official Analytical Chemist, Washington, DC.
AOAC (1999). Official methods of analysis, 16th edn. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington.
AOAC (2000). International Official Methods of Analysis, 17th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists:Gaitherburg, MD.
Ardekani, M.R.S., Khanavi, M., Hajimahmoodi, M., Jahangiri, M. and Hadjiakhoondi, A. (2010). Comparison of antioxidant activity and total phenol contents of some date seed varieties from Iran. Iran. J. Pharm. Res., 9: 141–146.
Arora, A. and Camire, M.E.(1994). Performance of potato peels in muffins and cookies. Food Research International, 27: 15-22.
Basuny, A.M. and AL-Marzooq, M.A. (2011). Production of mayonnaise from date pit oil. Food Nutr. Sci., 2: 938–943.
Barta, J., and Seth, P.K. ( 2002). Effect of iron deficiency on developing rat brain. Indian J. Clin. Biochem.17(2),108-114.
Besbes, S., Blecker, C., Deroanne, C., Lognay, G., Drira, N.E. and Attia, H. (2004). Quality characteristics and oxidative stability of date seed oil during storage. Food Sci. Technol. Int., 10: 333–338.
Besbes, S., Blecker, C., Deroanne, C., Lognay, G., Drira, N. E. and Attia, H. (2005). Heating effects on some quality characteristics of date seed oil. Food Chemistry, 91: 469-476.
Besbes, S., Drira, L., Blecker, C., Deroanne, C. and Attia, H. (2009). Adding value to hard date (Phoenix dactylifera L.): Compositional, functional and sensory characteristics of date jam. Food Chem., 112: 406–411.
Biglar, M., Khanavi, M., Hajimahmoodi, M., Hassani, S., Moghaddam, G., Sadeghi, N. and Oveisi, M. R. (2012). Tocopherol content and fatty acid profile of different Iranian date seed oils. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 11: 873-878.
Blois, M.S. (1958). Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical. Nature 29: 1199–1200.
Bouaziz, M., Amara, W., Attia, H., Blecker, C. and Besbes, S. (2010). Effect of the addition of defatted date seeds on wheat dough performance and bread quality. Journal of Texture Studies, 41: 511–531.
Bouhlali, E.d.T., Ramchoun, M., Alem, C., Ghafoor, K., Ennassir, J. and Filali Zegzouti, Y. (2017). Functional composition and antioxidant activities of eight Moroccan date fruit varieties (Phoenix dactylifera L.). J. Saudi Soc. Agric. Sci., 16:257–264.
Devshony, S., Eteshola, A. and Shani, A. (1992). Characterisation and some potential application of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) seeds and seeds oil. Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society, 69: 595–597.
Doha, M.A. and Al-Okbi, S.Y. (2004). In vivo evaluation of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of different extracts of date fruits in adjuvant arthritis. Pol. J. Food Nutr. Sci., 13: 397–402.
Eissa, H., Hussein, A. and Mostafa, B. (2007). Rheological properties and quality evaluation of Egyptian balady bread and biscuits supplemented with flours of un germinated and germinated legume seeds or mushroom. J. Food Nutr. Sci., 57: 487–496.
El-Porai, E., Salama, A., Sharaf, A., Hegazy, A. and Gadallah, M. (2013). Effect of different milling processes on Egyptian wheat flour properties and pan bread quality. Annals of Agricultural Science, 58: 51–59.
Elleuch, M., Besbes, S., Roiseux, O., Blecker, C., Deroanne, C., Drira, N.E and Attia, H. (2008). Date flesh:chemical composition and characteristics of the dietary fiber.Food chem.,111: 676-682.
El Sohaimy, S., Abdelwahab, A., Brennan, C., and Aboul-enein, A. (2015). Phenolic content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Egyptian date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruits. Aust. J. Basic Appl. Sci., 9:141–147.
FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). (2016). Statistical Databases. Downloaded from http://faostat.fao.org on April 24, 2016.
Golshan Tafti, A., Solaimani Dahdivan, N. and Yasini Ardakani, S.A. (2017). Physicochemical properties and applications of date seed and its oil. International Food Research Journal, 24: 1399-1406.
Habib, H. M. and Ibrahim, W. H. (2009). Nutritional quality evaluation of eighteen date pits varieties. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 60: 99-111.
Habibi Najafi, M. B. (2011). Date seeds: A novel and inexpensive source of dietary fiber. Paper presented at the International Conference on Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Singapore.
Halaby, M. S., Farag, M. H. and Gerges, A. H. (2014). Potential effect of date pits fortified bread on diabetic rats. International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences, 3: 49-59.
Hamad, I., Abd Elgawad, H., Al Jaouni, S., Zinta, G., Asard, H. and Hassan, S. (2015). Metabolic analysis of various date palm fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars from Saudi Arabia to assess their nutritional quality. Molecules, 20: 13620–13641.
Hejri-Zarifi, S., Ahmadian-Kouchaksaraei, Z., Pourfarzad, A. and Haddad Khodaparast, M. H. (2013). Dough performance, quality and shelf life of flat bread supplemented with fractions of germinated date seed. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 51: 3776- 3784.
Karupaiah, T. and Sundram, K. (2013). Modulation of human postprandial lipemia by changing ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated (P/S) fatty acid content of blended dietary fats: a cross-over design with repeated measures. Nutr. J., 12: 122-126.
Kchaou, W., Abbès, F., Mansour, R. B., Blecker, C., Attia, H., and Besbes, S. (2016). Phenolic profile, antibacterial and cytotoxic properties of second grade date extract from Tunisian cultivars (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Food Chem. 194, 1048–1055.
Khan, F., Ahmed, F., Pushparaj, P. N., Abuzenadah, A., Kumosani, T. and Barbour, E. (2016). Ajwa date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) extract inhibits human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7) cells in-vitro by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. PLOS ONE, 11: 158 - 163.
Kim, D.O., Jeong, S.W. and Lee, C.Y. (2003). Antioxidant capacity of phenolic phytochemicals from various cultivars of plums. Food Chem., 81: 321–326.
Litwinek, D., Gambuś,H., Mickowska,B., Zięć,G. and Berski,W. (2013). Amino acids composition of proteins in wheat and oat flours used in breads production. J. Microbiology, Biotechnology Food Sciences, 2 (Special issue on BQRMF): 1725-1733.
Mistrello, J., Sirisena, S.D., Ghavami, A., Marshall, R.J. and Krishnamoorthy, S., (2014). Determination of the antioxidant capacity, total phenolic and flavonoid contents of seeds from three commercial varieties of culinary dates. Int. J. Food Stud., 3: 34–44.
Mohamed, R., Fageer, A. S., Eltayeb, M. M., and Mohamed, I. A. (2014). Chemical composition, antioxidant capacity, and mineral extractability of Sudanese date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruits. Food Sci. Nutr., 2: 478–489.
Mohsen,S.M., Hussein, A. A. and Salem, E. M. (1997). Balady bread characteristics as affect by addition of corn, barley or soy flour. Presented at the International Confrence and Exhibition for bread Industries, Quality Control, Food quality Alex. Egypt:12, 1-3.
Mrabet, A., Jiménez-Araujo, A., Fernández-Bola-os, J., Rubio-Senent, F., Lama-Mu-oz, A. and Sindic, M. (2016). Antioxidant phenolic extracts obtained from secondary Tunisian date varieties (Phoenix dactylifera L.) by hydrothermal treatments. Food Chem., 196: 917–924.
Najafi, M. (2011). Date Seeds: A Novel and Inexpensive Source of Dietary Fiber. International Conference on Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Singapore. Pp. 323- 326.
Nehdi, I., Omri, S., Khalil, M. I. and Al-Resayes, S.I. (2010). Characteristics and chemical composition of date palm (Pheonix canariensis) seeds and seeds oil. Industrial Crops and Products, 32: 360-365.
Platat, C., Habib, H. M., Ibrahim, W. H., Isameldin Bashir Hashim, I. and Kamal Eldin, A. (2013). Date seed powder-containing bread exhibits higher levels of flavonoids and antioxidant capacity compared to regular and whole wheat bread. The Journal of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. 27: 371-376.
Rahman, M.S., Kasapis, S., Al-Kharusi, N.S.Z., Al-Marhubi, I.M. and Khan, A.J. (2007). Composition characterization and thermal transition of date pits powders. J. Food Eng., 80: 1–10.
Rahmani, A. H., Aly, S. M., Ali, H., Babiker, A. Y., Srikar, S., and Khan, A. A. (2014). Therapeutic effects of date fruits (Phoenix dactylifera) in the prevention of diseases via modulation of anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-tumour activity. Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med., 7: 483–491.
Rush, D. (2000). Nutrition and maternal mortality in the developing world. Am. J. Clin. Nutr, 2125-2405.
Saafi, E.B., Trigui, M., Thabet, R., Hammami, M. and Achour, L. (2008). Common date palm in Tunisia: chemical composition of pulp and pits. Int. J. Food Sci. Technol., 43: 2033–2037.
Salah, A., and Al-Maiman, A. (2005). Effect of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) seed fibers on plasma lipids in rats. J. King Saud Univ., 17: 117–123.
Samad, M. A., Hashim, S. H., Simarani, K., and Yaacob, J. S. (2016). Antibacterial properties and effects of fruit chilling and extract storage on antioxidant activity, total phenolic and anthocyanin content of four date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) cultivars. Molecules, 21: 419- 421.
Sawaya, W.N., Khalil, J.K. and Safi, W.J. (1984). Chemical composition and nutritional quality of date seeds. J. Food Sci., 49: 617 - 619.
Singleton, V. L., and Rossi, J. A. (1965). Colorimetry of Total Phenolics with Phosphomolybdic-Phosphotungstic Acid Reagents. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 16: 144-158.
Tariq Bouhlali, E., Chakib, A., Jamal E., Mohamed B., Addi, M., Younes, Z. (2017). Phytochemical compositions and antioxidant capacity of three date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) seeds varieties grown in the South East Morocco. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, 16, 350–357.
Thaipong, K., Unaroj Boonprakob, U., Crosby, K., Cisneros-Zevallos, L., Byrne, D.H. (2006). Comparison of ABTS, DPPH, FRAP, and ORAC assays for estimating antioxidant activity from guava fruit extracts. J. Food Compos. Anal., 19, 669–675.
Trumbo, P., Schlicker, S., Yates, A.A. and Poos, M. (2002). Dietary reference intakes for energy, carbohydrate, fiber, fat, fatty acids, cholesterol, protein and amino acids. J. Am. Diet. Assoc., 102:1621–1630.
Yaseen, Y., Salim-ur-Rehman, I., Iram, A., Sakhawat, A. and Imran, P. (2012). Development and Nutritional Evaluation of Date Bran Muffins. J. Nutr. Food Sci., 2: 1-4.
Younis, M.A.A. (1984). Chemical and technological studies on utilization of new maize verities flour in Egyptian bread. M.Sc Theses. Faculty of Agriculture, University of Alexandria. | ||||
Statistics Article View: 314 PDF Download: 1,309 |
||||